Table 3.
Summary of some of the NASH-induced hepatocarcinogenesis protocols mice.
| Model | Procedure | Animal (Species, Strain, Age) | Timepoints and Incidence of Lesions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HF/HS diet | High-fat and high sugar diet (~35% hydrogenated coconut oil and soybean oil, ~19% carbohydrate, w/w) for 12, 24 or 48 weeks | Juvenile (4 weeks) C57BL/6J mice (male) | Neoplastic lesions: 0% at weeks 12 and 24 and 20% at week 48 | [165] |
| High-fat diet (~21% fat and 0.1% cholesterol, w/w) and high sugar solution (23.1/18.9 g/L of fructose/glucose) for 56 weeks | Juvenile to adult (6–8 weeks) B6/129 mice (male) | Adenomas: 25% at week 56 Well-differentiated Carcinomas: 100% at week 56 Poorly-differentiated Carcinomas: 37.5% at week 56 |
[162] | |
| High-fat (23% w/w, of which 23% saturated, 34% trans, 31% monounsaturated (cis), 12% polyunsaturated) and high sugar solution (23.1/18.9 g/L of fructose/glucose) for 24 or 48 weeks | Juvenile to adult (6–8 weeks) B6/129 mice (male) | Neoplastic lesions: 0 at week 24 and 40% at week 48 | [164] | |
| High-fat and high sugar diet (21.1% fat, 41% sucrose, and 1.25% cholesterol, w/w) and high sugar solution (23.1/18.9 g/L of fructose/glucose) for 12 or 24 weeks | Adult (9 weeks) C57BL/6J mice (male) | Neoplastic lesions: 0% at week 12 and 30% at week 24 | [166] | |
| HF/HS diet and CCl4 | High-fat and high sugar diet (21.1% fat, 41% sucrose, and 1.25% cholesterol, w/w) and high sugar solution for 12 or 24 weeks CCl4: Multiple i.p. 0.2 mL/kg b.w. for 24 or 36 weeks (1×/week) |
Neoplastic lesions: 0% at week 12 and 100% at week 24 | ||
| HF diet | High-fat (~24% fat, lard and soybean oil, w/w) for 48 weeks | Juvenile (4–5 weeks) C57BL/6J mice (male and female) | Carcinomas: 2.5% at week 48 | [167] |
| CDHF diet | High-fat (~24% fat, lard and soybean oil, w/w) and choline-deficient diet for 48 weeks | Carcinomas: 25% at week 48 | ||
| CDAHF diet | High-fat (~35% fat, w/w), choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, 0.1% methionine diet for 12, 24, 36, 48 or 60 weeks | Juvenile (5 weeks) C57BL/6J mice (male) | Adenomas: 0% at week 12 and 24; 67% at week 36; 100% at weeks 48 and 60 Carcinomas: 0% at week 12 and 24; 17% at week 36; 9% at week 48; 26% at week 60 |
[168] |
| CDA diet | Choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet for 24 or 36 weeks | Juvenile to adult (6–8 weeks) C57BL/6 mice | Carcinomas: 30–40% at weeks 24 and 36 | [169] |
| CDA diet and CCl4 | Choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet for 24 or 36 weeks CCl4: Multiple i.p. 0.2 mL/kg b.w. for 24 or 36 weeks (1×/week) |
Carcinomas: 40% at weeks 24; 100% at week 36 | ||
| STAM | STZ: Single s.c. 200 µg (day 2) High fat (32%) diet for 20 weeks |
Infant (2 days) C57BL/6J mice (male) | Carcinomas: 100% at weeks 14 to 20 | [170] |
| Pten null | - | Pten null mice (male and female) | Adenomas: 47% at week 44 and 100% at weeks 74–78; Carcinomas: 66% at weeks 74–78 |
[171] |
| MUP-uPA transgenic | High-fat (59% kcal from fat) for 32 or 40 weeks | MUP-uPA mice | Adenomas: 50% at week 32 and 71.4% at week 40; Carcinomas: 16.6% at week 32 and 50% at week 40 |
[172] |
b.wt.: body weight; i.p.: intraperitoneal; s.c.: subcutaneous. HS: high sugar; HF: high fat; CCl4: carbon tetrachloride; DEN: diethylnitrosamine; CDHF: choline-deficient high fat; CDA: choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined; CDAHF: choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high fat; STAM: Stelic Animal Model; STZ: streptozotocin; uPA: urokinase plasminogen activator.