Table 4.
Logistic regression model of associations between substance use and any COVID-19 testing, accounting for covariates in the full sample of survey participants (N=1084).a
| Variable | Unadjusted prevalence and percentage testing within category, n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
| Age | N/Ab | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | |
| Education | |||
|
|
Graduate or professional degree | 64 (29.8) | Refc |
|
|
College graduate/4-year degree | 162 (29.6) | 0.70 (0.47-1.05) |
|
|
High school or less | 19 (17.8) | 0.45 (0.23-0.86) |
|
|
Some college/2-year degree | 34 (15.8) | 0.41 (0.24-0.69) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 118 (42.8) | 1.67 (1.18-2.37) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 161 (19.9) | Ref | |
| Racial identity | |||
|
|
White | 165 (23.2) | Ref |
|
|
Asian | 9 (11.7) | 0.66 (0.31-1.44) |
|
|
Black or African American | 89 (37.2) | 1.60 (1.12-2.30) |
|
|
Other or more than one | 16 (27.6) | 1.26 (0.63-2.52) |
| Essential worker | 164 (42.3) | 2.22 (1.60-3.09) | |
| Not essential worker | 115 (16.5) | Ref | |
| Income | N/A | 0.85 (0.77-0.94) | |
| Household size | N/A | 1.33 (1.17-1.50) | |
| Opioid use | |||
|
|
Daily versus none | 32d (69.6d) | 3.35 (1.63-6.86) |
|
|
1-6 days versus none | 93e (51.7e) | 2.08 (1.39-3.11) |
|
|
Daily versus 1-6 days | 154f(18.0f) | 1.61 (0.78-3.34) |
aItalicized text indicates reference groups and additional models for substance use variables where reference groups were switched to allow for additional comparisons. Unadjusted prevalence values are provided for categorical variables only.
bN/A: not applicable.
cRef: reference category.
dDaily.
e1-6 days.
fNone.