Table 4.

Standardized factor loadings of the bifactor model of SGHS-18.

Item	FIN	WORK	HEL	EMO	REL	SOC	Global
Reduction of my available spending money	0.52						0.27
Reduction of my savings	0.40						0.37
Less spending on recreational expenses such as eating out, going to movies or other entertainment	0.48						0.38
Reduced performance at work or study		0.54					0.51
Used my work or study time to gamble		0.44					0.27
Used my work or study resources to gamble		0.18					0.23
Loss of sleep due to spending time gambling			0.40				0.59
Increased my use of tobacco			0.44				0.41
Increased experience of depression			0.34				0.62
Felt ashamed of my gambling				0.43			0.45
Had regrets that made me feel sorry about my gambling				0.56			0.29
Felt like a failure				0.37			0.44
Spent less time with people I care about					0.01		0.61
Spent less time attending social events					0.44		0.81
Experienced greater tension in my relationships					−0.44		0.56
Outcast from community due to involvement with gambling						0.30	0.55
Reduced my contribution to community obligations						−0.24	0.60
Promised to pay back money without genuinely intending to do so						0.28	0.49
ECV	0.09	0.07	0.06	0.09	0.05	0.03	0.60
Omega	0.60	0.53	0.71	0.63	0.75	0.60	0.88
Omega hierarchical	0.40	0.30	0.25	0.36	0.00	0.02	0.80