Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the studies included in the review.
| Ref. | Author (Year) [Reference] | Country | Study Design | Sample Size (% Male) |
Population Chararsterics | Age Range and/or Mean ± SD |
Follow up Years | HTA Criteria |
Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adejumo, EN (2019) [36] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional | 535 (27.3%) | General population | ≥18 47.05 ± 14.34 |
- | 130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | - |
| 2 | Baveicy, K (2020) [37] | Iran | Cross-sectional | 8790 (52.2%) | General population | 35–65 | - | 130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | Age, smoking status (current/former, never), alcohol intake (units per week) and menopause. |
| 3 | Candan, S (2020) [38] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 104 (51.9%) | Daytime hypertension | 47.6 ± 12.1 | - | 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | - |
| 4 | Chang, Y (2016) [39] | China | Cross-sectional | 11,345 (46.3%) | General population | ≥35 | - | 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | Age, ethnicity, family income, education, physical activity, salt intake, smoking and alcohol status, FPG, and serum lipid. |
| 5 | Choi, JR (2018) [40] |
Republic of Korea | Prospective cohort | 1718 (36.7%) | General population | 39–72 | 2.8 | 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | Age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, SBP and total cholesterol at baseline. |
| 6 | Głuszek, S (2020) [41] | Polish and Norwegian | Cross-sectional | 12,328 (33.2%) | General population | 55.7 ± 5.4 | - | 130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | - |
| 7 | Liu, PJ (2017) [42] |
China | Cross-sectional | 1596 (44.5%) | Non-obeses adults | 20–60 | - | High BP = Prehypertension: 120–139/80–89 mm Hg and hypertension; 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | - |
| 8 | Raya Cano, E (2020) [43] | Spain | Cross-sectional | 636 (32.1%) | Workers | 45.1 ± 8.8 | - | 130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | Age and gender. |
| 9 | Stafenescu, A (2019) [44] | Peru | Cross-sectional | 1518 (37.3%) | General population | 39.3 ± 15.0 | - | 130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | Age, smoking status and alcohol |
| 10 | Tian, S (2016) [45] |
China | Cross-sectional | 8126 (46.5%) | General population | 18–85 | - | 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | Age, smoking, alcohol status |
| 11 | Tian, T (2020) [46] |
China | Cross-sectional | 8040 (44.9%) | General population | 54.7 ± 15.1 | 130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | Age, drinking and smoking conditions. | |
| 12 | Alaminos Torres, A (2019) [47] | Spain | Cross-sectional | 5225 (40.2%) | General population | 18–75 | - | 130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | - |
| 13 | Zhang J (2018) [48] | China | Cross-sectional | 59,029 (61.2%) | General population | 18–80 | - | 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication | Age |
Abbreviations: BP: Blood Pressure; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HTA: Hypertension; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; SD: Standard deviation.