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Average adaptive response to gradual perturbation of the first formant (F 1), with the shading representing the 95% confidence intervals. The baseline phase included Trials 1–24, ramp included Trials 25–54, hold included Trials 55–84, and after effect included Trials 85–108. Responses were measured in the 50- to 120-ms window for each trial, normalized to the baseline mean, and averaged over three-trial blocks.
