Table 2.

Summary of intervention characteristics.

Intervention Type	Studies; n (%)	Duration	Description
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) [44,45,46]	3 (16.7)	8 weeks	A systematic approach to group mindfulness training offered on a weekly basis for eight consecutive weeks, usually with a silent retreat; classes delivered by a certified instructor.
Mindfulness training [32,33,35,36,38,41,48,49]	8 (44.4)	18 h–10 weeks	Various intervention designs based on mindfulness as a strategy for increasing concentration, awareness, and emotional regulation; using mindful meditation, movement, speaking, listening, compassion for self, and other mindfulness practices.
Discussion groups [34,47]	2 (11.1)	6–9 months	Elements of mindfulness, reflection, shared experience, professionalism, and small group learning.
Stress management and resilience training (SMART) [37]	1 (5.6)	90 min	Intentional awareness, attention, and attitude regulation practices, enabling participants to focus their attention on the external world and defer unrefined judgments.
“Art of Seeing” course [42]	1 (5.6)	4 weeks	Introduction to formal art analysis, introduction to symbols in art, mindful movement workshop, covering material beyond an introduction to conceptual and contemporary art.
Wellness curriculum [43]	1 (5.6)	1 month	Elements of mindfulness practice and breathing, meditation, narrative medicine, and cultivating gratitude.
Mindfulness intervention using smartphone application [39,40]	2 (11.1)	10 days/4 weeks	Using smartphone applications for a self-guided program based on mindfulness and meditation.