Table 3.
Relationship of depression level and socio-demographic profiles with hypoglycemic, DKA events, and measurement of blood glucose levels per day (n = 148).
| Factor | Depressed N (%) (n = 40) |
Not Depressed N (%) (n = 108) |
p-Value § |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | |||
| 8–12 years | 20 (50.0%) | 66 (61.1%) | 0.224 |
| 13–16 years | 20 (50.0%) | 42 (38.9%) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 12 (30.0%) | 57 (52.8%) | 0.014 ** |
| Female | 28 (70.0%) | 51 (47.2%) | |
| Nationality | |||
| Saudi | 38 (95.0%) | 102 (94.4%) | 0.894 |
| Non-Saudi | 02 (05.0%) | 06 (05.6%) | |
| HbA1c | |||
| ≤7.5% | 04 (10.0%) | 28 (25.9%) | 0.037 ** |
| >7.5% | 36 (90.0%) | 80 (74.1%) | |
| BMI level | |||
| Underweight | 04 (10.0%) | 08 (07.4%) | 0.593 |
| Normal | 27 (67.5%) | 67 (62.0%) | |
| Overweight/Obese | 09 (22.5%) | 33 (30.6%) | |
| DM Duration | |||
| 6 months–1 year | 04 (10.0%) | 35 (32.4%) | 0.013 ** |
| 1–2 years | 06 (15.0%) | 18 (16.7%) | |
| 2–3 years | 05 (12.5%) | 14 (13.0%) | |
| 3–4 years | 03 (07.5%) | 12 (11.1%) | |
| >4 years | 22 (55.0%) | 29 (26.9%) | |
| Method of insulin administration | |||
| Multiple daily injections without carbohydrate calculation | 32 (80.0%) | 70 (64.8%) | 0.234 |
| Multiple daily injections with carbohydrate calculation | 03 (07.5%) | 16 (14.8%) | |
| Insulin pump | 01 (02.5%) | 01 (0.90%) | |
| Premixed insulin | 04 (10.0%) | 21 (19.4%) | |
| History of DKA event | |||
| Yes | 19 (47.5%) | 50 (46.3%) | 0.896 |
| No | 21 (52.5%) | 58 (53.7%) |
BMI, body mass index; DKA, diabetes ketoacidosis; DM, diabetes mellitus; § p-value was calculated using the chi-square test. p-value was calculated using the independent-samples t-test. ** Significance level at p < 0.05.