Figure 1.

Viro-antibody therapy – an overview. Transgenes encoding recombinant therapeutic antibodies are inserted into the genome of oncolytic viruses (OVs) by exploitation of diverse strategies for transgene expression (see Figure 2). OV-encoded antibodies are produced locally in the tumor by infected cancer cells and expression lasts as long as active OV infection and spread is ongoing. The produced antibodies, dependent on their format, valency and size (see Figure 3), perfuse the tumor, bind their target on (noninfected) cancer cells or cancer-associated cells, and trigger their direct or indirect killing via diverse modes of action (see Figure 4)