Table 1.
Sociodemographic and presentation characteristics of subjects enrolled in SEEM (Study of Environmental Enteropathy and Malnutrition) study between 2016 and 2019 in Matiari, Pakistan (n = 416, 61% male).
| Variable | Mean (±SD) |
|---|---|
| Age at Enrollment (months, (mo)) | 4.2 (±1.0) |
| HAZ at Enrollment (mo) | −2.3 (±1.4) |
| WAZ at Enrollment (mo) | −3.6 (±1.4) |
| WHZ at Enrollment (mo) | −2.6 (±0.7) |
| Weight Difference from 0–6 to 24 months (kg) | 3.0 (±0.9) |
| Prevalence of ARI per year * | 54.2 (±53.3) |
| ARI Episodes ** | 5.0 (±3.6) |
| Prevalence of Diarrhea per year *** | 50.0 (±34.3) |
| Diarrhea Episodes **** | 14.8 (±17.7) |
| Distance from Healthcare Facility | 2.3 (±1.1) km 1.4 (±0.7) mi |
| Distance from Secondary Hospital | 6.5 (±3.5) km 4.0 (±2.2) mi |
| Distance from Maternal Health Center | 6.3 (±3.6) km 3.9 (±2.2) mi |
| Distance from Basic Health Unit | 3.6 (±1.4) km 2.2 (±0.9) mi |
| Distance from Rural Health Center | 9.0 (±4.8) km 5.6 (±3.0) mi |
| Distance from Dispensary | 4.0 (±1.8) km 2.5 (±1.1) mi |
HAZ = height-for-age Z score. WAZ = weight-for-age Z score. WHZ = weight-for-height Z score. ARI = Acute Respiratory Infection. ARI days = Subject reporting cough and/or shortness of breath. * Prevalence of ARI = (number of ARI days/observed days) × 365. ** ARI episode = ARI for minimum of 2 days with signs followed by a sign-free interval of 7 days. Diarrhea day = Subject excreting three or more loose or liquid stools in one day. *** Prevalence of Diarrhea = (Number of Diarrhea days/observed days) × 365. **** Diarrhea Episode = New episode is defined as not meeting the diarrheal definition for at least 2 days. km = kilometers, mi = miles. One kilometer = 0.623 miles.