Table 3.
DDIs mechanism and significance between drugs used in respiratory disorders and COVID-19 medications along with potential ADRs that may occur in those patients.
| Respiratory Medications | COVID-19 Medications | DDI Type | Significance | Clinical Signs-ADRs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β2-agonists | chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine | PD | Use with caution | QT prolongation |
| antivirals | PK | Moderate | prolonged pharmacological action-tachycardia, anxiety, tremor | |
| Glucocorticoids | immunosuppressants (interleukin inhibitors) | PD | Moderate | Neutropenia |
| darunavir | PK | Use with caution | Cushing’s syndrome | |
| Anticholinergics | antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir) | PK | Use with caution | prolonged pharmacological action |
| Xanthines | immunosuppressants (interleukin inhibitors), antivirals | PK | Use with caution | prolonged pharmacological action |
| LTRA | antivirals, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, immunosuppressants | PD | Use with caution | Neutropenia |
| remdesivir | PD | Moderate | hepatotoxicity | |
| Antihistamine | antivirals | PK | Moderate | prolonged pharmacological actionantihistamine related ADRs |
| Antimicrobials (azithromycin, cholorquine, etc.) | PD | Use with caution | QT prolongation |