Table 1.
Class- and family-wise examples of transposable elements (TEs) in different plant species. The table was adapted and recreated from Feschotte et al. [64], with copyright permission from the Licensor Springer Nature (Nature Reviews Genetics: Nature publisher) and Copyright Clearance Center (https://www.copyright.com) (Supplementary File S2).
| Class | Subclass | Superfamily/Family | Plants | Autonomous Members | Non-Autonomous Members | Copy Number of the Entire Family | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class I | LTR Retrotransposons | copia-like | O. sativa | Tos17 | - | (2–5) 30 | [65] |
| copia-like | Hordeum sp. | BARE-1 | - | 5000–22,000 | [66] | ||
| copia-like | N. tabacum | Tto1 | - | 30 (300) | [67] | ||
| copia-like | N. tabacum | Tnt1A | - | >100 | [68] | ||
| copia-like | Z. mays | Hopscotch | - | 5–8 | [69] | ||
| copia-like | Z. mays | - | BS1 | 1–5 | [70] | ||
| copia-like | Z. mays | Opie-2 | - | 100,000 | [71] | ||
| gypsy-like | O. sativa | RIRE2 | Dasheng | 1200 | [72] | ||
| gypsy-like | Z. mays | Magellan | - | 4–8 | [73] | ||
| gypsy-like | Z. mays | Huck-2 | - | 200,000 | [71] | ||
| gypsy-like | Arabidopsis | Athila 4 | - | 22 | [74] | ||
| gypsy-like | Arabidopsis | Ta3 | - | 1 | [75] | ||
| gypsy-like | Arabidopsis | Athila 6 | - | 11 | [74] | ||
| gypsy-like | Arabidopsis | Tar17 | - | 2 | [67] | ||
| Non-LTR Retrotransposons | LINEs; L1-clade | Lilium speciosum | Del2 | - | 250,000 | [76] | |
| LINEs; L1-clade | Z. mays | Cin4 | - | 50–100 | [77] | ||
| LINEs; L1-clade | Arabidopsis | Tal1 | - | 1–6 | [78] | ||
| SINEs | N. tabacum | - | TS | 50,000 | [79] | ||
| SINEs | B. napus | - | S1 | 500 | [80] | ||
| Class II | DNA transposons | Mutator | Z. mays | MuDR | Mu1 | 10–100 | [81] |
| Mutator | Arabidopsis | AtMu1 | - | 1 (4) | [82] | ||
| CACTA | Z. mays | Spm | dSpm | 50–100 | [83] | ||
| CACTA | Arabidopsis | CAC1 | CAC2 | (4) 20 | [84] | ||
| hAT | Z. mays | Ac | Ds | 50–100 | [85] | ||
| PIF/Harbinger | Z. mays | PIFa | mPIF | 6000 | [86] | ||
| PIF/Harbinger | Angiosperms | PIF-like | Tourist-like | Variable | [86,87] | ||
| Tc1/Mariner | Angiosperms | MLEs | Stowaway-like | Variable | [88,89] |
The copy numbers indicated are approximate and collected from various research articles. Those in parentheses result from transpositional activation (Tos17 and Tto1) or in mutant backgrounds (CAC and AtMu1). LINE: Long Interspersed Nuclear Element, SINE: Short Interspersed Nuclear Element, Ac: Activator; LTR: Long Terminal Repeat, MLE: Mariner-Like Element, Ds: Dissociation, mPIF: miniature P Instability Factor, Spm: Suppressor–Mutator, PIF: P Instability Factor.