| 1. Tracheostomy and tracheal intubation procedures |
2. Positive-pressure mechanical ventilation and CPAP |
| 3. Bronchoscopy |
4. Intubation and extubation procedures |
| 5. Surgery, autopsy, or post-mortem procedures with high-speed devices |
6. High frequency oscillatory ventilation |
| 7. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
8. High-flow oxygen therapy |
| 9. Sputum induction |
10. Airway suctioning |
| 11. FEES and VFSS |
12. Nebulized or aerosol therapy |
| CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure); FEES (Fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing); VFSS (Video fluoroscopic swallowing study) |
