Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, cognitive functioning measured with MMSE and CAMCOG, daily functioning measured with the BIA.
| CHP (n = 47) | MCI (n = 39) | AD (n = 44) | Post Hoc p-Values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC vs. MCI | MCI vs. AD | HC vs. AD | ||||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age Mean (±SD) Range |
77.94 (5.26) 68–91 |
82.08 (5.24) 71–96 |
82.41 (4.80) 74–92 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Gender * Female/male (n) |
26/21 |
11/28 |
12/32 |
NS |
||
| Education, yrs Mean (±SD) Range |
12.40 (2.92) 8–16 |
11.95 (2.88) 6–16 |
10.52 (2.79) 6–16 |
NS |
NS |
.007 |
| Cognition | ||||||
| MMSE TOTAL (./30) Mean (±SD) Range |
28.28 (1.40) 25 1–30 |
26.96 (1.70) 23–30 |
22.20 (22.45) 18–27 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| CAMCOG TOTAL (./105) Mean (±SD) Range |
92.94 (4.46) 80–101 |
85.68 (3.93) 79–95 |
72.02 (8.93) 47–87 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| CAMCOG MEMORY (./27) Mean (±SD) Range |
21.66 (1.72) 18–25 |
18.11 (2.98) 12–27 |
12.82 (3.50) 4–20 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| ADL Indices b-ADL % | ||||||
| b-ADL-DI Mean (±SD) Range |
2.30 (6.83) 0–42 |
9.19 (12.29) 0–38 |
18.66 (17.46) 0–75 |
0.044 |
0.003 |
<0.001 |
| b-ADL-CDI Mean (±SD) Range |
0 (0) 0–0 |
1.83 (4.95) 0–17 |
6.53 (11.24) 0–54 |
NS |
0.009 |
<0.001 |
| b-ADL-PDI Mean (±SD) Range |
2.30 (6.83) 0–42 |
7.91 (11.58) 0–38 |
14.68 (17.25) 0–75 |
NS |
0.047 |
<0.001 |
| ADL Indices i-ADL % | ||||||
| i-ADL-DI Mean (±SD) Range |
9.47 (9.87) 0–50 |
35.76 (24.14) 0–86 |
51.70 (18.05) 6–94 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| i-ADL-CDI Mean (±SD) Range |
1.19 (4.04) 0–25 |
19.31 (21.19) 0–72 |
36.09 (19.32) 0–86 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| i-ADL-PDI Mean (±SD) Range |
5.57 (7.89) 0–28 |
14.26 (16.56) 0–64 |
20.46 (18.35) 0–83 |
0.023 |
NS |
<0.001 |
| ADL Indices a-ADL % | ||||||
| a-ADL-DI Mean (±SD) Range |
21.75 (12.13) 3–54 |
37.63 (21.89) 3–82 |
56.84 (17.71) 17–98 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| a-ADL-CDI Mean (±SD) Range |
12.20 (16.34) 0–100 |
30.53 (21.41) 0–75 |
49.05 (19.40) 12–93 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| a-ADL-PDI Mean (±SD) Range |
7.77 (8.44) 0–33 |
9.40 (10.80) 0–41 |
12.12 (12.60) 0–64 |
NS |
NS |
NS |
Legend: CHP: Cognitively Healthy Persons; MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairment; AD: Alzheimer’s Dementia; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; CAMCOG: Cambridge Cognitive Examination); ADL: Activities of Daily Living; b-: basic; i-: instrumental; a-: advanced; DI: Disability Index; CDI: Cognitive Disability Index; PDI; Physical Disability Index; NS: not significant; SD: standard deviation. * chi-square tests, 1 = due to low educational level.