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. 2021 Nov 5;13(21):5558. doi: 10.3390/cancers13215558

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Downstaging of HCC with ¹¹⁶Holmium TARE. Infiltrative biopsy proven HCC in right liver lobe at CT before treatment (a–c, different levels) in portal-venous phase; AFP was 493 μg/L. ¹¹⁶Holmium TARE was performed with a downstaging intent (d: angiogram from the right hepatic artery; e: PET-CT after treatment); the administered activity was 3.6 GBq. At 45 days CT follow-up (f–h, same levels as a–c), lesion progressive devascularization and decrease in size were depicted; AFP was 251 μg/L. Liver transplantation was performed 81 days after ¹¹⁶Holmium TARE. At pathologic examination of the explanted liver (i–l), ≈ 50% necrosis was found with viable tumor mainly at the periphery of the lesion and fibroblastic reaction associated with inflammatory response rich in pigmented macrophages. ¹¹⁶Holmium microspheres are visible in histology (I,j: magnification 20×; k,l: magnification 40×).

Downstaging of HCC with ¹¹⁶Holmium TARE. Infiltrative biopsy proven HCC in right liver lobe at CT before treatment (a–c, different levels) in portal-venous phase; AFP was 493 μg/L. ¹¹⁶Holmium TARE was performed with a downstaging intent (d: angiogram from the right hepatic artery; e: PET-CT after treatment); the administered activity was 3.6 GBq. At 45 days CT follow-up (f–h, same levels as a–c), lesion progressive devascularization and decrease in size were depicted; AFP was 251 μg/L. Liver transplantation was performed 81 days after ¹¹⁶Holmium TARE. At pathologic examination of the explanted liver (i–l), ≈ 50% necrosis was found with viable tumor mainly at the periphery of the lesion and fibroblastic reaction associated with inflammatory response rich in pigmented macrophages. ¹¹⁶Holmium microspheres are visible in histology (I,j: magnification 20×; k,l: magnification 40×).