. 2021 Oct 21;18(21):11085. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111085

Table 2.

Comparison between the groups with and without suicidal behavior (ideation or attempts).

		Gambling Disorder						Gaming Disorder						Sex Addiction						Buying–Shopping Disorder
		SB-; n = 3163		SB+; n = 940				SB-; n = 93		SB+; n = 6				SB-; n = 36		SB+; n = 8				SB-; n = 129		SB+; n = 29
		n	%	n	%	p	\|d\|	n	%	n	%	p	\|d\|	n	%	n	%	p	\|d\|	n	%	n	%	p	\|d\|
Gender	Women	248	7.8%	113	12.0%	0.001 *	0.14	5	5.4%	2	33.3%	0.010 *	0.76 ^†	1	2.8%	0	0.0%	0.633	0.33	91	70.5%	27	93.1%	0.012 *	0.62 ^†
Gender	Men	2915	92.2%	827	88.0%			88	94.6%	4	66.7%			35	97.2%	8	100%			38	29.5%	2	6.9%
Marital	Single	1315	41.6%	361	38.4%	0.001 *	0.06	85	91.4%	5	83.3%	0.709	0.25	10	27.8%	2	25.0%	0.280	0.06	54	41.9%	8	27.6%	0.206	0.30
	Married/Partner	1465	46.3%	411	43.7%		0.05	7	7.5%	1	16.7%		0.29	21	58.3%	3	37.5%		0.42	58	45.0%	14	48.3%		0.07
	Divorced/Separated	383	12.1%	168	17.9%		0.16	1	1.1%	0	0.0%		0.21	5	13.9%	3	37.5%		0.55 ^†	17	13.2%	7	24.1%		0.28
Social	Mean-high to high	193	6.1%	55	5.9%	0.492	0.01	4	4.3%	0	0.0%	0.546	0.42	8	22.2%	2	25.0%	0.431	0.07	25	19.4%	2	6.9%	0.010 *	0.38
	Mean	333	10.5%	95	10.1%		0.01	13	14.0%	0	0.0%		0.77 ^†	5	13.9%	1	12.5%		0.04	19	14.7%	1	3.4%		0.41
	Mean-low	1021	32.3%	283	30.1%		0.05	25	26.9%	1	16.7%		0.25	14	38.9%	1	12.5%		0.62 ^†	30	23.3%	15	51.7%		0.60 ^†
	Low	1616	51.1%	507	53.9%		0.06	51	54.8%	5	83.3%		0.63 ^†	9	25.0%	4	50.0%		0.52 ^†	55	42.6%	11	37.9%		0.10
Education	Primary	1845	58.3%	554	58.9%	0.909	0.01	45	48.4%	4	66.7%	0.421	0.37	11	30.6%	1	12.5%	0.578	0.45	49	38.0%	11	37.9%	0.991	0.00
	Secondary	1119	35.4%	330	35.1%		0.01	40	43.0%	1	16.7%		0.59 ^†	15	41.7%	4	50.0%		0.17	52	40.3%	12	41.4%		0.02
	University	199	6.3%	56	6.0%		0.01	8	8.6%	1	16.7%		0.25	10	27.8%	3	37.5%		0.21	28	21.7%	6	20.7%		0.02
Occupational	Unemployment	1358	42.9%	439	46.7%	0.041 *	0.08	73	78.5%	6	100%	0.204	0.96 ^†	11	30.6%	2	25.0%	0.755	0.12	62	48.1%	21	72.4%	0.018 *	0.50 ^†
Occupational	Employed	1805	57.1%	501	53.3%			20	21.5%	0	0.0%			25	69.4%	6	75.0%			67	51.9%	8	27.6%
Family Support	No	742	23.5%	272	28.9%	0.001*	0.12	10	10.8%	1	16.7%	0.655	0.19	11	30.6%	5	62.5%	.089	0.65 ^†	39	30.2%	16	55.2%	0.011 *	0.51 ^†
Family Support	Yes	2421	76.5%	668	71.1%			83	89.2%	5	83.3%			25	69.4%	3	37.5%			90	69.8%	13	44.8%
Debts	No	639	20.2%	126	13.4%	0.001 *	0.18	66	71.0%	4	66.7%	0.822	0.17	25	69.4%	5	62.5%	0.703	0.15	41	31.8%	7	24.1%	0.419	0.17
Debts	Yes	2524	79.8%	814	86.6%			27	29.0%	2	33.3%			11	30.6%	3	37.5%			88	68.2%	22	75.9%
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p	\|d\|	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p	\|d\|	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p	\|d\|	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p	\|d\|
Age (yrs)		42.1	14.1	43.8	12.4	0.001 *	0.13	22.7	9.2	28.8	16.5	0.132	0.46	43.1	12.0	42.8	11.5	0.934	0.03	43.7	12.0	42.3	9.3	0.576	0.12
Onset disorder (yrs)		30.1	12.3	30.7	11.4	0.213	0.05	18.3	8.4	20.5	13.8	0.546	0.20	32.4	13.2	35.3	11.1	0.570	0.24	33.6	12.5	34.4	11.0	0.759	0.07
Duration disorder (yrs)		6.0	6.0	6.5	6.4	0.014 *	0.09	3.9	2.9	5.0	1.8	0.371	0.45	6.9	5.9	3.9	3.7	0.176	0.61 ^†	7.2	6.3	6.4	5.6	0.554	0.13
SCL-90R Somatic		0.9	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.001 *	0.41	0.6	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.459	0.25	1.0	0.9	1.2	0.6	0.474	0.32	1.3	1.0	2.0	1.0	0.001 *	0.67 ^†
SCL-90R Ob-compulsive		1.1	0.8	1.4	0.8	0.001 *	0.46	1.0	0.7	1.6	0.9	0.042 *	0.75 ^†	1.5	1.0	1.3	0.7	0.536	0.28	1.8	1.0	2.4	0.9	0.002 *	0.66 ^†
SCL-90R Inter.sens.		1.0	0.8	1.3	0.9	0.001 *	0.38	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.2	0.584	0.19	1.4	0.9	1.1	0.7	0.449	0.33	1.5	1.0	2.1	1.1	0.003 *	0.61 ^†
SCL-90R Depression		1.4	0.8	1.9	0.9	0.001 *	0.63 ^†	1.1	0.9	1.2	0.8	0.611	0.22	1.7	1.0	1.5	0.5	0.640	0.22	2.0	1.0	2.8	0.8	0.001 *	0.84 ^†
SCL-90R Anxiety		0.9	0.7	1.3	0.9	0.001 *	0.51 ^†	0.7	0.7	1.2	1.1	0.045 *	0.57 ^†	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.6	0.606	0.24	1.4	1.0	2.2	1.1	0.001 *	0.76 ^†
SCL-90R Hostility		0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.001 *	0.33	0.9	0.9	1.5	0.9	0.140	0.64 ^†	1.2	1.1	0.9	0.7	0.444	0.33	1.2	1.0	1.9	1.1	0.001 *	0.72 ^†
SCL-90R Phobic anxiety		0.4	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.001 *	0.33	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.508	0.24	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.379	0.41	0.8	0.9	1.6	1.3	0.001 *	0.69 ^†
SCL-90R Paranoia		0.9	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.001 *	0.33	1.0	0.9	1.4	1.3	0.230	0.43	1.1	0.9	1.2	0.8	0.955	0.02	1.2	0.9	2.0	1.0	0.001 *	0.78 ^†
SCL-90R Psychotic		0.8	0.7	1.2	0.8	0.001 *	0.45	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.443	0.32	1.3	0.9	1.3	0.7	0.790	0.11	1.0	0.8	1.8	0.9	0.001 *	0.87 ^†
SCL-90R GSI		1.0	0.7	1.3	0.7	0.001 *	0.53 ^†	0.8	0.7	1.2	0.8	0.216	0.52 ^†	1.3	0.8	1.2	0.5	0.735	0.15	1.4	0.8	2.2	0.8	0.001 *	0.88 ^†
SCL-90R PST		44.1	21.7	53.3	20.2	0.001 *	0.51 ^†	37.3	19.7	48.6	23.4	0.175	0.52 ^†	50.7	24.2	53.4	19.7	0.766	0.13	53.1	21.0	66.8	17.4	0.002 *	0.71 ^†
SCL-90R PSDI		1.8	0.6	2.1	0.6	0.0010*	0.52 ^†	1.8	0.6	2.0	0.5	0.532	0.29	2.1	0.6	2.0	0.5	0.554	0.25	2.3	0.7	2.8	0.6	0.001 *	0.75 ^†
TCI-R Novelty seeking		108.9	13.3	110.5	12.6	0.005 *	0.13	102.0	13.2	105.6	7.3	0.528	0.34	107.1	15.9	108.6	9.4	0.799	0.12	113.1	14.2	117.7	13.2	0.118	0.33
TCI-R Harm avoidance		99.6	15.6	104.9	15.7	0.001 *	0.34	101.8	18.2	108.7	23.6	.389	0.33	103.3	17.4	99.8	7.7	0.589	0.26	111.0	18.9	111.0	18.5	0.986	0.00
TCI-R Reward depend.		98.4	13.7	97.2	13.4	0.013 *	0.09	93.0	17.1	98.6	16.9	.457	0.33	97.9	16.8	98.2	14.4	0.962	0.02	103.2	15.1	97.2	16.4	0.062	0.38
TCI-R Persistence		108.5	18.6	107.2	18.1	0.046 *	0.07	95.2	18.1	87.9	25.6	.375	0.33	104.3	19.9	104.7	24.7	0.958	0.02	106.1	17.2	107.4	16.6	0.714	0.08
TCI-R Self-directedness		129.3	19.9	121.4	18.3	0.001 *	0.41	128.9	21.9	119.0	21.3	.295	0.51 ^†	118.0	20.0	130.0	19.9	0.130	0.60 ^†	126.2	21.5	113.7	22.6	0.007 *	0.57 ^†
TCI-R Cooperativeness		130.8	15.2	128.2	14.9	0.001 *	0.17	129.8	18.5	124.8	19.6	.544	0.26	123.5	16.1	131.2	16.3	0.215	0.47	134.7	14.6	125.4	17.0	0.004 *	0.59 ^†
TCI-R Self-transcend.		63.0	14.1	65.2	13.8	0.001 *	0.16	59.2	14.0	69.7	22.3	.098	0.56 ^†	64.7	14.3	56.9	13.6	0.154	0.56 ^†	64.3	15.1	70.3	15.6	.054	0.39

Note. SB-: without suicidal behavior. SB+: with suicidal behavior. SD: standard deviation. * Bold: significant comparison (0.05). ^† Bold: effect size into the mild–moderate (|d| > 0.50) to the high–large range (|d| > 0.80). Comparisons for the psychopathological state (SCL-90R) and the personality traits (TCI-R) adjusted by sex and age.