Figure 1.

Illustration of micro/macro/chaperone-mediated autophagy. (A) Non-selective macroautophagy (unspecific engulfment of cytosolic components and organelles and their degradation for the purpose of energy production and generation of basic components). (B) Selective/targeted macroautophagy using the example of mitophagy. (C) Microautophagy. (D) Chaperone-mediated autophagy. Autophagy-modulating drugs that have been applied in clinical trials for the therapy of distinct cancer entities, as reviewed in this current manuscript, are indicated at their site of action in the process of autophagy.