Table 1.
Participants’ general characteristics and anthropometrics.
| Parameters | Groups | Before Pandemic COVID-19 X (SD) | During Pandemic COVID-19 X (SD) | n I | n II | p-Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length (cm) | 3 years{1} | 109.56 (8.99) | 109.64 (8.95) | 388 | 388 | 0.00001 2 |
| 4 years {2} | 109.91 (7.54) | 109.95 (7.54) | 470 | 468 | 0.000008 2 | |
| 5 years {3} | 118.68 (6.99) | 118.75 (7.01) | 455 | 455 | 0.00001 2 | |
| Me (95%CI) | 112 (112.36–113.32) | 112 (112.42–113.38) | ||||
| p-Values | 1/3; 2/3 {0.0000} 1 | 1/3; 2/3 {0.0000} 1 | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 3 years {1} | 17.26 (3.63) | 18.51 (3.74) | 390 | 390 | 0.001 2 |
| 4 years {2} | 17.51 (3.83) | 18.77 (4.02) | 471 | 471 | 0.001 2 | |
| 5 years{3} | 20.41 (3.72) | 21.65 (3.94) | 454 | 455 | 0.001 2 | |
| Me (95%CI) | 18 (18.22–19.60) | 19 (19.46–19.91) | ||||
| p-Values | 1/3; 2/3 {0.00002} 1 | 1/3; 2/3 {0.00002} 1 | ||||
| BMI | 3 years {1} | 35.81 (34.8) | 43.62 (35.02) | 387 | 389 | 0.001 2 |
| 4 years {2} | 30.61 (30.03) | 40.48 (31.75) | 471 | 470 | 0.001 2 | |
| 5 years{3} | 28.67 (26.53) | 40.72 (32.46) | 454 | 455 | 0.001 2 | |
| Me (95%CI) | 15 (29.76–33.2) | 25 (39.72–43.28) | ||||
| p-Values | 1/3 {0.005 } 1 | 0.32 | ||||
| z-score | 3 years {1} | 25 (39.72–43.28) | −0.41 (1.66) | 388 | 386 | 0.001 2 |
| 4 years {2} | −1.17 (1.47) | −0.43 (1.33) | 471 | 469 | 0.001 2 | |
| 5 years {3} | −1.13 (1.31) | −0.51 (1.28) | 454 | 455 | 0.001 2 | |
| Me (95%CI) | −1 (−1.22–−1.05) | 0 (−0.53–−0.38) | ||||
| p-Values | 0.74 | 0.48 |
Data are mean (X) and standard deviations (SD); 1 Post-hoc by Tukey for ANOVA; 2 Wicoxona Test, z-scores for sexes combined, calculated by comparison with the WHO 2006 growth reference standards. Length refers to length-for-age; weight refers to weight-for-age. Abbreviations: {1}—three-years-old; {2}—four-years old; {3}—five-years-old; I—investigation before pandemic, II—investigation during pandemic; cm—centimeters; kg—kilograms; pr—percentiles; Me—Median; 95% CI—95% confidence intervals (CIs).