Figure 3.

Net Cd²⁺ fluxes in fungal hyphae of Paxillus involutus isolates (MAJ and NAU) under cadmium, salt, and inhibitor treatments. MAJ and NAU mycelia (the youngest and active hyphae) were hydroponically acclimated and subjected to 24 h of CdCl₂ (0 or 50 μM) in combination with NaCl (0 or 100 mM). The short-term Cd- and Cd + NaCl-stressed fungal mycelia were treated with an inhibitor of plasmalemma H⁺-ATPase (sodium orthovanadate, 0 or 500 μM) or an inhibitor of Ca²⁺-permeable channels (LaCl₃, 0 or 5 mM) for 30 min. Following 30 min equilibration in measuring solutions, Cd²⁺ flux recordings were continued for 15 min on the surface of pelleted hyphae. Mean values of Cd²⁺ fluxes in control (−Cd), CdCl₂ stress (+Cd), and combined stress of CdCl₂ and NaCl (+Cd + NaCl) in the presence and absence of inhibitors are shown. Cd²⁺ flux was not detectable in salt controls that were treated without CdCl₂. Each column is mean ± SD obtained from 5 fungal cultures. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments are indicated with different letters (a–e).