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. 2021 Oct 28;22(21):11714. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111714

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Regulation of inflammation by Trp metabolism (Kyn/Trp ratio) according to [5]. 1. Inflammation activates IDO in both immune, and non-immune cells; 2. Inflammation induces AhR expression; 3. Kyn/AhR results in the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; 4. Phosphorylation of IDO results in sustained IDO activity and secretion of the inflammatory cytokine TGF-β; 5. TGF-β induces the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 on the plasma membrane of naive T cells; 6. Differentiation of naive T cells toward regulatory T cells.