Table 2.
Summary table explaining the impacts of melatonin on Cd-induced oxidative stress.
| Plant Names | Treatments | Impact on Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidative Defense Systems | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nicotiana tabacum L. | 0, 25, 50, 100, and 250 μM melatonin; 100 μM Cd2+ for 7 d |
H2O2, O2·−; APX, SOD, CAT (leaves) | [6] |
| Malva parviflora | 0, 15, 50, and 100 μM melatonin; 50 μM Cd2+ for 8 d |
H2O2, MDA, SOD, CAT, GPX, PAL, flavonoid, anthocyanins (shoots) | [18] |
| Medicago sativa L. | 0, 10, 50, and 200 μM melatonin; 100 μM Cd2+ for 1, 3 d |
H2O2, O2·−; SOD (roots) | [19] |
| Triticum aestivum L. | 0, 50, and 100 μM melatonin; 100 μM Cd2+ for 28 d |
H2O2, MDA; SOD, CAT, POD (leaves) | [20] |
| Triticum aestivum L. | 0, 50, and 100 μM melatonin; 100 μM Cd2+ for 12, 24, 48 h |
H2O2; APX, SOD, CAT, POD, GSH/GSSG (leaves and roots) | [62] |
| Agaricus campestris | 0, 50, 100, and 200 μM melatonin; 2, 5, and 8 μM Cd2+ for 5 d |
H2O2, MDA; SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GR, proline, sugars | [64] |
| Solanum lycopersicum | 0, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μM melatonin; 100 μM Cd2+ for 14 d |
H2O2, MDA, O2·−; SOD, CAT, GR, POD, APX (leaves) | [75] |
| Solanum lycopersicum | 100 μM melatonin; 100 μM Cd2+ for 15 d |
H2O2; APX, SOD, CAT, POD (leaves and roots) | [76] |
| Brassica napus L. | 0, 50, and 100 μM melatonin; 20 μM Cd2+ for 5 d |
H2O2, MDA; APX, SOD, CAT, POD, proline, anthocyanins (seedlings) | [77] |
| Catharanthus roseus (L.) | 100 μM melatonin; 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Cd kg−1 soil for 30 d |
H2O2; CAT, POD (leaves) | [78] |
| Fragaria x ananassa (Duch.) | 0, 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM melatonin; 300 mL of 1 mmol·L−1 Cd2+ for 5, 10 d |
MDA; SOD, CAT, POD, APX, soluble protein, anthocyanins (leaves and roots) | [79] |
| Carthamus tinctorius L. | 100 μM melatonin; 100 μM Cd2+ for 21 d |
H2O2, MDA, LOX; ASA, DHA, GSH, GSSG, SOD, APX, DHAR, CAT, GR, MDHAR, Gly (leaves) | [80] |
| Oryza sativa L. | 0, 50, 100, and 200 μM melatonin; 100 μM Cd2+ for 10 d |
H2O2, MDA; SOD, CAT, POD (leaves and roots) | [81] |
| Zea mays | 200 μM melatonin; 150 μM Cd2+ for 3 d |
MDA; SOD, CAT, POD (root, stem, and leaf) | [82] |
| Oryza sativa L. | 100 μM melatonin | MDA; SOD, CAT, POD (shoots) | [83] |
| Raphanus sativus L. | 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM melatonin; 50 μM Cd2+ for 24 h |
SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GR (roots and shoots) | [84] |
|
Malachium aquaticum,
Galinsoga parviflora |
0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM melatonin; 10 mg/L Cd for 40 d |
SOD, POD, CAT (leaves) | [85] |
| Cyphomandra betacea | 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM melatonin; 10 mg/L Cd for 40 d |
SOD, POD, CAT (leaves) | [86] |
H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; MDA, malondialdehyde; O2·−, superoxide anion; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; POD, guaiacol peroxidase; GSH/GSSG, reduced (GSH)/oxidized (GSSG) glutathione; GR, glutathione reductase; LOX, lipoxygenase; ASA, ascorbate; DHA, dehydroascorbate; DHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase; MDHAR, monodehydroascorbate reductase; Gly, glycine.