Table 2.
Examples of the currently available antimicrobial therapy targeting osteomyelitis causative pathogens with the systemic route of administration.
| Microorganism | Antimicrobial agent | Route | Products approved by the FDA | Date of approval |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Vancomycin | IV | Firvanq® | 2018 |
| Vancomycin® | 1999 | |||
| Tedizolid | IV/ Oral | Sivextro® | 2014 | |
| Daptomycin | IV | Cubicin® | 2003 | |
| Linezolid | IV/ Oral | Zyvox® | 2000 | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (+oral Rifampin) |
IV | Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim® | 1991 | |
| Oral | Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim® | 1986 | ||
| Clindamycin | IV | Cleocin phosphate® | 1972 | |
| Oral | Cleocin hydrochloride ® | 1970 | ||
| Methicillin- sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) | Cefazolin | IV | Cefazolin sodium® | 1988 |
| Nafcillin/oxacillin | IV | Unipen® | 1970 | |
| P. aeruginosa | Levofloxacin | Oral | Levofloxacin® | 2011 |
| IV | Levofloxacin® | 2005 | ||
| Ciprofloxacin | IV | Ciprofloxacin® | 2009 | |
| Oral | Ciprofloxacin® | 2004 | ||
| Meropenem | IV | Merrem® | 1996 | |
| Cefepime | IV | Maxipime® | 1996 | |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | IV | Zosyn® | 1993 | |
| Ceftazidime | IV | Fortaz® | 1985 | |
| Imipenem/cilastin | IV | Primaxin® | 1985 | |
| Enterobacteriaceae | Moxifloxacin (+antipseudomonal agents) |
IV/oral | Moxifloxacin hydrochloride® | 2015 |
| Ceftriaxone | IV | Cftriaxone® | 2003 | |
| Cefotaxime | IV | Cefotaxime sodium® | 2002 | |
| Enterobacteriaceae (Anaerobes) |
Clindamycin | IV/oral | Cleocin phosphate® | 1999 |
| Cleocin HCL® | 1998 | |||
| Metronidazole | Oral | Flagyl® | 1995 | |
| IV | Flagyl® | 1981 | ||
| Enterococcus spp. (Ampicillin resistant) |
Vancomycin | IV | Firvanq® | 2018 |
| Vancomycin® | 1999 | |||
| Enterococcus spp. (Ampicillin sensitive) |
Ampicillin/ sulbactam | IV | Unasyn® | 1986 |
| Enterococcus spp. (Vancomycin resistant) |
Tedizolid | IV/oral | Sivextro® | 2014 |
| Linezolid | IV/ oral | Zyvox® | 2007 | |
| Daptomycin | IV | Cubcin® | 2003 | |
| Streptococcus spp. | Penicillin G | IV | Bicillin L-A® | 1952 |