Figure 2.

Multiples hits induce MAFLD and NASH. Lipids’ accumulation in the liver alters many different aspects of hepatocytes. Inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormones dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, organelle integrity and function, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors, are implicated in the development and progression of MAFLD and NASH. Abbreviations: MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.