Figure 3.

Cardiovascular adverse events associated with MAFLD and NASH. Systemic low-grade inflammation induced in MAFLD or NASH is linked with dyslipidemia, hypertension, T2D, and hepatic fibrosis, which may cause atherosclerosis and finally cardiovascular complications with higher risk of CDV mortality. Abbreviations: MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; IL-6, Interleukin-6; CRP, C-reactive protein; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; T2D, type 2 diabetes; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LV, left ventricular; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction; QTc, corrected QT interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease.