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. 2021 Oct 22;22(21):11421. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111421

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The relationships between energy production pathways: cytoplasmic glycolysis, the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, the malate–aspartate shuttle and mitochondrial and/or peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. Note: the NADH/NAD+ and FADH2/FAD blue reaction lines do not reflect the exact place in a particular cycle, but show the connections existing between metabolic pathways.