Table 3.
miRNAs associated with different types of training. Listed in order of appearance within the text. Bold font emphasizes striated muscle-specific miRNAs.
| TRAINING TYPE | Upregulated miRNAs | Downregulated miRNAs | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| miRNAs detected in skeletal muscles (biopsies) | |||
| Acute resistance training (3/6 h) | - | miR-1 | [101] |
| Chronic resistance training (12 weeks) | - | miR-1 | [107] |
| Acute resistance training (6 h) | miR-423-5p | miR-16-5p, miR-23b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-95-3p, miR-107a, miR-126-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-324-3p, and miR-378a-5p | [102] |
| HIIT or MICT + resistance training (1/3 h) | - | miR-133a, miR-378, and miR-486 | [103] |
| Endurance with overload training (90 min) |
- |
miR-1-3p, miR-206,
miR-208a-5p, and miR-499 |
[108] |
| Long-term endurance training (6 weeks) | - | miR-1, miR-133a, miR-101, miR-455, miR-144, miR-15b, miR-26b, miR-28, miR-29b, miR-338, miR-92, miR-98, miR-451, and miR-589 | [114] |
| Long-term endurance training (moderate-intensity, 12 weeks) | - | miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 | [115] |
| Short-term endurance training (high-intensity, 60 min) | miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 | - | [115] |
| Short-term endurance training (high-intensity, 60 min) |
miR-1, miR-133a/b, and miR-181a |
miR-9, miR-23a, miR23b, and miR-31 | [116] |
| circulating miRNAs (c-miRNA) detected in the bloodstream (plasma or serum) | |||
| Long-term endurance training (1-3h/session, 90 days) | miR-20a, miR-21, miR-146a, miR-221, miR-222, miR-21, and miR-146a |
- | [117] |
| Acute resistance training (1 h/1 day/3 days) |
miR-149 | miR-146a, miR-221 | [118] |
| Half-marathon |
miR-1, miR-133a,
miR-206 |
- | [119] |
| Endurance training (10 weeks) + marathon |
miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-30a |
miR-26a, miR-29b | [120] |
| 10 km run + half-marathon + marathon (1-month intervals) |
let-7d-3p, let-7f-2-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-223-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-424-3p, and miR-424-5p | - | [121] |
| Long-term endurance training (20 weeks) | miR-142-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-27b-3p | miR-486-5p, let-7b-5p, miR-29c-3p, let-7e-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-29b-3p | [122] |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise (3 min) and acute endurance training (60 min) | miR-21 | miR-20a | [123] |