. 2021 Oct 26;22(21):11552. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111552

Table 1.

Diagnostic Imaging Modalities for Diabetic Foot Infections.

Imaging Method/Radionuclide		Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Function	Cost	Accessibility	Radiation	References
Radiography		43–86	27–83	+++	+	+++++	☢	[50,51,52,53,54]
CT		67–80	50–70	+++	+++	+++	☢	[50,55]
Ultrasound		79	80	++	+	+++++	O	[56]
MRI		87–100	37–83.8	++++	+++	+++	O	[52,53,54,57,58,59,60,61,62]
Planar Bone Scintigraphy	^99mTc-MDP	81.0–84.2	28.0–67.7	+++	++	++	☢☢☢	[52,54]
Planar WBC Scan	^99mTc-besilesomab	74.8	71.8	+++	+++	++	☢☢☢	[63]
	^99mTc-HMPAO	59.0–91	79.5–92	+++	++	++	☢☢☢	[63,64]
	^99mTc-exametazime	86.0	100	+++	++	++	☢☢☢	[65]
WBC SPECT/CT	^99mTc-WBC	87.5–100	35–92	++++	++++	+	☢☢☢☢	[58,62,66,67,68,69]
WBC SPECT/CT	^99mTc-sulesomab	67–72.0	85–88.0	+++	+++	++	☢☢☢☢	[70,71]
	¹¹¹In-WBC	74–92	68–75	++++	++++	+	☢☢☢☢	[54,58]
PET	¹⁸F-FDG	81–92.3	92.0–93	+++	++++	+	☢☢☢	[72,73]
PET/CT	¹⁸F-FDG	43–89	67–100	++++	++++	+	☢☢☢☢	[58,65]
	⁶⁷Ga-citrate	44–100	45–77	++	++	++	☢☢☢	[70,74]
	⁶⁸Ga-citrate	100	76	++	++	++	☢☢☢	[75]

Note: Relative radiation level ratings for effective adult dose: O = 0 mSv, ☢ < 0.1 mSv, ☢☢☢ = 1–10 mSv, ☢☢☢☢ = 10–30 mSv. Utility of each technique was adapted from Noguerol et al. and is graded from most useful (+++++) to least useful (+) [76]. Radiation ratings are adapted from the 2019 ACR appropriateness criteria [49].