| AC | Activated carbon; |
| GR | Graphene; |
| GRMs | Graphene-related materials; |
| GO | Graphene oxide; |
| IPA | Ingenuity Pathway Analysis; |
| PCNA | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; |
| TGFB1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1; |
| STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor. |