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. 2021 Oct 23;22(21):11445. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111445

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A simplified overview of the pathway demonstrating the negative effects of HMs on plants. ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; RCS, reactive carbonyl species; PS-I, photosystem-I; PS-II, photosystem-II.