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. 2021 Oct 27;22(21):11602. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111602

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) inhibit extracellular secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). (A) Ciprofloxacin inhibits transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-stimulated gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9. A549 cells were pre-treated with ciprofloxacin for 1 h and subsequently treated with TGF-β for an additional 48 h. Conditioned medium was collected for gelatin zymography analysis of gelatinolytic activities. (B) Clinafloxacin reduces phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced extracellular secretion of MMP-9. A549 cells were treated with clinafloxacin for 1 h, and then stimulated with 10 nM PMA for 24 h. Representative gelatin zymography images are shown in the upper panel. The MMP-9 activities of the FQ-treated groups were expressed as a percentage of the MMP-9 activity in TGF-β or PMA-treated cells (lower panel). The results are expressed as means ± standard deviation (error bars) of three independent experiments. Statistically significant differences of zymographic activities were indicated as percentage vs. PMA or TGF-β-stimulated control. ** p < 0.01 versus PMA or TGF-β-stimulated control experiments.