TABLE 3.

Comparisons between the persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) with no vestibular hypofunction (PPPD-NVH) subgroup and the psychogenic dizziness (PD) group

Variables	PPPD-NVH (n = 35) Mean ± SD	PD (n = 11) Mean ± SD	p	r
UP-SVV, degree	1.57 ± 1.49	1.55 ± 0.84	0.445	0.12
Mean HTPG	1.175 ± 0.178	1.030 ± 0.097	0.007∗∗	0.39a
HTPG laterality, %	3.73 ± 3.60	4.28 ± 3.47	0.629	0.07
CP, %	11.0 ± 18.1	7.91 ± 3.47	0.704	0.06
cVEMP (asymmetry ratio), %	22.5 ± 27.5	23.4 ± 28.6	0.912	0.02
oVEMP (asymmetry ratio), %	22.2 ± 28.6	23.1 ± 23.6	0.558	0.11
Foam ratio	2.06 ± 0.67	2.03 ± 0.61	0.979	0.01
Romberg ratio on foam	1.84 ± 0.42	1.91 ± 0.73	0.612	0.08

CP, canal paresis; cVEMP and oVEMP, cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials; HTPG, head-tilt perception gain; SD, standard deviation; UP-SVV, upright subjective visual vertical.

^a Values indicate the magnitude of the effect size, medium.

^∗∗Values indicate statistical significance, p < 0.01.