Table 2.

Reported roles of ion channels in cellular invasion and migration events.

Ion Channel Class	Role(s) in Cellular Motility
Voltage-gated potassium channels	-Modulates cell migration by allowing calcium entry and inducing rapid focal adhesion turnover rates [7] -Regulating expression of RhoC, a key regulator of focal adhesion assembly, and ECM-degrading MMP2 [130]
Voltage-gated chloride channels	-Facilitating the chloride efflux involved in cytoplasm secretion, enabling cell shrinkage [106] -Colocalizing with MMP2 to form a macromolecular complexes that facilitate protein trafficking promotive of ECM degradation [131]
Acid-sensing ion channels	-Facilitating cation conductance to regulate cell volume during tumor cell migration through interstices [132]
Voltage-gated sodium channels	-Altering cytoskeletal elements to adopt cellular morphologies facilitative of migration [133] -Promoting proteolytic degradation of the ECM and cell-cell adhesion [22,134]
Voltage-gated calcium channels	-Facilitating EGFR signaling and ECM stiffening to induce collective cancer cell invasion of the surrounding tumor microenvironment [14] -Activating sheddase ADAM10 function and the downstream Wnt/β-catenin-mediated signaling pathway underlying cellular motility [135]