Table 4.
Echocardiographic results.
| Cardiac Structures | AS Patients (n = 193) | OA Controls (n = 74) | p-Value a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic root index, cm/m2 (mean ± SD) | 1.74 ± 0.20 | 1.68 ± 0.22 | 0.08 |
| Aortic root dilatation, ≥2.1 cm/m2 (n, %) | 12 (7) | 2 (4) | 0.53 |
| ** Mitral valve regurgitation | 0.46 | ||
| Mild (n, %) | 65 (34) | 23 (32) | |
| Moderate (n, %) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Severe (n, %) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Prosthesis (n, %) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Aortic valve regurgitation | 0.04 * | ||
| Trace (n, %) | 16 (9) | 1 (1) | |
| Mild (n, %) | 23 (12) | 7 (10) | |
| Moderate (n, %) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Severe (n, %) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Prosthesis (n, %) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Cardiac function | |||
| LV mass index, g/m2 (mean ± SD) | 75 ± 20 | 76 ± 19 | 0.79 |
| LA volume index, mL/m2 (mean ± SD) | 29 ± 9 | 32 ± 13 | 0.11 |
| EDV index, mL/m2 (mean ± SD) | 62 ± 15 | 55 ± 18 | 0.01 * |
| ESV index, mL/m2 (mean ± SD) | 27 ± 8 | 22 ± 10 | <0.01 * |
| Ejection fraction (mean ± SD) | 57 ± 6 | 60 ± 8 | 0.02 * |
| E/e’ average, cm/s (mean ± SD) | 8.5 ± 2.5 | 8.0 ± 2.1 | 0.16 |
| E-max, cm/s (mean ± SD) | 69 ± 17 | 65 ± 17 | 0.06 |
| A-max, cm/s (mean ± SD) | 71 ± 17 | 71 ± 17 | 0.95 |
| E/A ratio (mean ± SD) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.03 * |
| MV deceleration time, m/s (mean ± SD) | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.83 |
| Septal e’ velocity, cm/s (mean ± SD) | 7.8 ± 1.9 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 0.12 |
| Lateral e’ velocity, cm/s (mean ± SD) | 9.5 ± 2.7 | 9.5 ± 2.2 | 0.94 |
| TR velocity, cm/s (mean ± SD) | 219 ± 26 | 229 ± 30 | 0.23 |
| Systolic LV dysfunction (n, %) | 10 (5) | 2 (3) | 0.74 |
| Diastolic LV dysfunction—2016 | 0.88 | ||
| Grade I (n, %) | 6 (3) | 2 (3) | |
| Grade II (n, %) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Grade III (n, %) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Diastolic LV dysfunction—2009 | 0.59 | ||
| Grade I (n, %) | 60 (32) | 17 (25) | |
| Grade II (n, %) | 39 (21) | 16 (24) | |
| Grade III (n, %) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Values are displayed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or frequencies with corresponding percentages (%). Indexed values are corrected for BSA. AS = ankylosing spondylitis, OA = osteoarthritis, BSA = body surface index, LVMI = left ventricle mass index, LV = left ventricular, EDV = end diastolic volume, ESV = end systolic volume, MV = mitral valve, TR = tricuspid regurgitation. a p-values of Student’s t-test or chi-square test. * Bold, significance level of p ≤ 0.05. ** A trace MVR is considered as physiological regurgitation and is therefore not added in the table.