(A–D). Effect of acute 4V OT administration on Fos induction in cNTS catecholamine neurons using immunocytochemistry in male chow-fed SD-SAS rats. Neuronal activation is revealed by concentration of immunoreactive Fos in cell nuclei [Fos (+)] in the cNTS. Fos- and TH-immunostaining were done by Cy3 fluorescence and Alexa 488 fluorescence, respectively. Images were taken from one side of the cNTS. (A), Acute 4V administration of OT increased Fos (+) neurons in cNTS (see arrows). (B), TH staining in cNTS from an animal treated with 4V OT (see arrows). (C), Colocalization of TH (+) and Fos (+) neurons in cNTS from an animal treated with 4V OT (see arrows). (D), Colocalization of TH (+) neurons and Fos (+) neurons in the cNTS from the opposite side (see arrows) ((Bregma −13.44; [43]) same animal as in (A–C)); (A–D) all visualized at 20× magnification.