Table 1.
Monthly standardised suicide mortalities (SMR-S) of males and females in all 47 prefectures and five metropolitan regions (per 100,000 people).
| All 47 Prefectures | Five Metropolitan Regions | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | ||||||||||||||
| Year | Month | Mean | ± | SD | (p) | Mean | ± | SD | (p) | Mean | ± | SD | (p) | Mean | ± | SD | (p) |
| Pre-pandemic | 1 | 23.2 | ± | 4.8 | 9.1 | ± | 2.2 | 19.2 | ± | 3.3 | 8.4 | ± | 1.4 | ||||
| Average | 2 | 20.6 | ± | 4.3 | 8.6 | ± | 2.3 | 21.0 | ± | 3.3 | 9.6 | ± | 1.4 | ||||
| (2017–2019) | 3 | 26.1 | ± | 4.7 | 9.7 | ± | 2.8 | 22.6 | ± | 2.9 | 9.8 | ± | 1.5 | ||||
| 4 | 24.0 | ± | 4.5 | 10.2 | ± | 2.7 | 21.4 | ± | 2.6 | 9.9 | ± | 1.5 | |||||
| 5 | 24.9 | ± | 5.0 | 10.1 | ± | 2.8 | 21.7 | ± | 4.0 | 10.5 | ± | 1.0 | |||||
| 6 | 22.7 | ± | 4.7 | 9.5 | ± | 2.1 | 20.5 | ± | 2.2 | 9.5 | ± | 1.4 | |||||
| 7 | 23.2 | ± | 5.3 | 9.8 | ± | 2.6 | 20.7 | ± | 3.0 | 9.4 | ± | 1.0 | |||||
| 8 | 23.0 | ± | 4.7 | 9.5 | ± | 2.6 | 19.4 | ± | 2.7 | 8.6 | ± | 1.5 | |||||
| 9 | 22.8 | ± | 5.1 | 8.6 | ± | 2.2 | 20.5 | ± | 3.7 | 9.7 | ± | 1.3 | |||||
| 10 | 22.1 | ± | 4.9 | 8.8 | ± | 2.1 | 19.0 | ± | 2.5 | 9.0 | ± | 1.3 | |||||
| 11 | 21.0 | ± | 4.5 | 9.0 | ± | 2.1 | 19.2 | ± | 3.6 | 9.2 | ± | 1.2 | |||||
| 12 | 19.9 | ± | 3.4 | 7.5 | ± | 2.0 | 17.4 | ± | 2.6 | 8.1 | ± | 1.2 | |||||
| 2020 | 1 | 24.3 | ± | 6.1 | (0.35) | 9.3 | ± | 3.5 | (0.75) | 21.3 | ± | 3.4 | (0.03) * | 8.4 | ± | 1.7 | (0.93) |
| 2 | 20.8 | ± | 6.4 | (0.88) | 7.3 | ± | 3.1 | (0.01) ** | 20.1 | ± | 3.0 | (0.32) | 8.6 | ± | 2.8 | (0.30) | |
| 3 | 25.9 | ± | 7.8 | (0.83) | 9.0 | ± | 3.9 | (0.27) | 21.8 | ± | 2.6 | (0.47) | 9.2 | ± | 1.8 | (0.46) | |
| 4 | 21.6 | ± | 6.1 | (0.01) * | 7.8 | ± | 3.9 | (0.00) ** | 19.0 | ± | 3.5 | (0.08) | 8.9 | ± | 1.7 | (0.22) | |
| 5 | 21.6 | ± | 8.4 | (0.01) ** | 7.9 | ± | 3.9 | (0.00) ** | 18.9 | ± | 3.4 | (0.11) | 9.0 | ± | 2.5 | (0.08) | |
| 6 | 20.7 | ± | 5.9 | (0.08) | 9.7 | ± | 3.8 | (0.76) | 21.1 | ± | 3.4 | (0.51) | 9.7 | ± | 1.8 | (0.81) | |
| 7 | 24.2 | ± | 7.3 | (0.32) | 10.9 | ± | 4.7 | (0.09) | 20.5 | ± | 3.4 | (0.93) | 12.9 | ± | 3.4 | (0.01) ** | |
| 8 | 25.4 | ± | 7.1 | (0.01) * | 11.7 | ± | 4.9 | (0.00) ** | 23.0 | ± | 2.1 | (0.00) ** | 11.9 | ± | 3.2 | (0.01) * | |
| 9 | 25.7 | ± | 6.1 | (0.02) * | 12.3 | ± | 4.3 | (0.00) ** | 23.0 | ± | 3.0 | (0.07) | 13.4 | ± | 1.9 | (0.00) ** | |
| 10 | 26.7 | ± | 6.9 | (0.00) ** | 14.5 | ± | 5.5 | (0.00) ** | 24.4 | ± | 4.4 | (0.00) ** | 17.3 | ± | 1.8 | (0.00) ** | |
| 11 | 24.6 | ± | 5.8 | (0.00) ** | 11.4 | ± | 4.0 | (0.00) ** | 23.2 | ± | 2.8 | (0.01) ** | 11.7 | ± | 2.8 | (0.02) * | |
| 12 | 21.1 | ± | 6.3 | (0.18) | 10.3 | ± | 4.6 | (0.00) ** | 17.6 | ± | 1.4 | (0.82) | 10.8 | ± | 2.3 | (0.03) * | |
| 2021 | 1 | 23.3 | ± | 6.5 | (1.00) | 10.0 | ± | 3.8 | (0.37) | 21.6 | ± | 3.8 | (0.03) * | 11.0 | ± | 1.6 | (0.00) ** |
| 2 | 23.2 | ± | 5.5 | (0.03) * | 9.7 | ± | 4.3 | (0.19) | 22.2 | ± | 4.2 | (0.54) | 10.6 | ± | 1.9 | (0.48) | |
| 3 | 26.3 | ± | 8.3 | (0.99) | 12.0 | ± | 4.6 | (0.00) ** | 23.1 | ± | 3.8 | (0.93) | 12.4 | ± | 2.9 | (0.03) * | |
| 4 | 24.9 | ± | 8.5 | (0.71) | 10.4 | ± | 3.4 | (0.97) | 20.7 | ± | 6.1 | (0.89) | 11.1 | ± | 2.3 | (0.22) | |
| 5 | 24.5 | ± | 8.2 | (0.94) | 10.7 | ± | 3.5 | (0.52) | 19.9 | ± | 6.4 | (0.68) | 9.7 | ± | 2.7 | (0.66) | |
| 6 | 23.5 | ± | 7.7 | (0.80) | 11.2 | ± | 4.8 | (0.06) | 20.3 | ± | 3.6 | (0.99) | 11.1 | ± | 3.1 | (0.25) | |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.05: significant change compared to average SMR-S of the same month during pre-pandemic period (between 2017 and 2019) using a linear mixed-effects model with Tukey’s multiple comparison. (p), p values of linear mixed-effects model with Tukey’s multiple comparison.