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. 2021 Nov 8;22(21):12081. doi: 10.3390/ijms222112081

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Therapeutic strategies targeting thromboinflammation and endothelial injury in COVID-19. In addition to vaccines or antiviral agents, therapeutic strategies, targeting inflammation, platelet hyperactivation, thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction, might improve clinical outcomes, including mortality, in COVID-19 patients. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; BK, bradykinin; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; JAK, Janus kinase; MAC, membrane attack complex; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap; NO, nitric oxide; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1.