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. 2021 Oct 23;10(21):4891. doi: 10.3390/jcm10214891

Table 2.

The comparison of changes in pain scores (VAS) between the study and control group.

Variable Measurement Study Group (n = 30) Control Group (n = 30)
x¯ Me Min Max Q1 Q3 SD x¯ Me Min Max Q1 Q3 SD
VAS (pts) M1 6.3 6.0 3.0 9.0 5.0 7.0 1.4 5.7 5.0 2.0 10.0 5.0 7.0 2.0
M2 2.8 3.0 0.0 6.0 2.0 4.0 1.5 2.7 2.0 0.0 8.0 1.0 4.0 2.0
M3 2.6 2.0 0.0 8.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.3 2.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 5.0 2.2
M4 3.1 3.0 0.0 8.0 1.0 5.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 4.0 2.4
p-value * <0.001 <0.001
p-value ** M1 vs. M2: p < 0.001
M1 vs. M3: p < 0.001
M1 vs. M4: p < 0.001
M2 vs. M3: p = 1.00
M2 vs. M4: p = 1.00
M3 vs. M4: p = 1.00
M1 vs. M2: p < 0.001
M1 vs. M3: p < 0.001
M1 vs. M4: p < 0.001
M2 vs. M3: p = 1.00
M2 vs. M4: p = 1.00
M3 vs. M4: p = 1.00

Abbreviations: n, number of individuals; x¯, mean; Me, median; Min, minimum value; Max, maximum value; Q1, lower quartile; Q3, upper quartile; SD, standard deviation; M1, before treatment; M2, after treatment; M3, 1 month after study completion; M4, 3 months after study completion; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale. Note: * Friedman’s ANOVA (main effect); ** Dunn’s test (multiple comparisons).