Table 4.
Association between low bone mineral density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) in the dual femur and spine and components of MetS according to stages of reproductive aging a.
| Group 1: Reproductive/Menopausal Transition (n = 146) | Group 2: Postmenopausal (n = 230) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Dual femur | ||||||
| WC ≥ 80 cm | 0.650 | 0.157–2.689 | 0.552 | 1.666 | 0.595–4.668 | 0.331 |
| WC ≥ 88 cm | 7.638 | 1.607–36.298 | 0.011 | 2.600 | 1.023–6.609 | 0.045 |
| Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL | 1.200 | 0.271–5.321 | 0.810 | 0.708 | 0.336–1.494 | 0.365 |
| HDL < 50 mg/dL | 3.639 | 1.039–12.743 | 0.043 | 1.489 | 0.595–3.730 | 0.395 |
| Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or antihypertensive treatment |
0.324 | 0.075–1.408 | 0.133 | 2.634 | 1.150–6.035 | 0.022 |
| Fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or antidiabetic treatment |
1.181 | 0.269–5.178 | 0.826 | 0.588 | 0.295–1.175 | 0.133 |
| Spine (L1–L4) | ||||||
| WC ≥ 80 cm | 0.845 | 0.202–3.531 | 0.818 | 1.405 | 0.496–3.977 | 0.603 |
| WC ≥ 88 cm | 1.147 | 0.351–3.745 | 0.820 | 1.251 | 0.538–2.908 | 0.522 |
| Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL | 0.946 | 0.289–3.099 | 0.927 | 1.112 | 0.577–2.144 | 0.751 |
| HDL < 50 mg/dL | 1.563 | 0.489–5.001 | 0.452 | 2.654 | 1.092–6.447 | 0.031 |
| Blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or antihypertensive treatment |
0.630 | 0.179–2.212 | 0.471 | 1.304 | 0.683–2.490 | 0.422 |
| Fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or antidiabetic treatment |
1.140 | 0.348–3.729 | 0.829 | 0.843 | 0.448–1.589 | 0.598 |
a Adjusted for presence of metabolic syndrome, age, smoking habit, and number of children. Abbreviations: WC: waist circumference, HDL: high-density lipoprotein. Spine (L1–L4): spine at lumbar vertebra 1 to 4. OR: odds ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval, significance at p < 0.05.