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Angiogenesis in rosacea: The products of microbes are recognized by TLR 2. Subsequently, TLR 2 activates NALP3 inflammasome, which triggers kallikrein 5. Kallikrein 5 cleaves cathelicidin into LL-37, which triggers angiogenesis and inflammation. NALP3 inflammasome also activates mast cells, which produce inflammatory and angiogenetic factors, such as VEGF. TLR2, Toll-like receptor 2; KLK5, kallikrein5; MMP, metalloproteinase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
