Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis among main variables

Variables	M (SD)	1	2	3	4
1. Social isolation	3.97 (1.48)	1.00
2. Loneliness	31.47 (7.81)	0.38***	1.00
3. MPD	17.94 (4.69)	0.12**	0.28***	1.00
4. Open communication	18.35 (8.68)	− 0.40***	− 0.44***	− 0.14***	1.00
5. Problematic communication	20.14 (7.24)	0.32***	0.42***	0.30***	− 0.56***

Open communication = open parent–child communication; Problematic communication = problematic parent–child communication

^***p < 0.001, ^**p < 0.01