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. 2021 Nov 8;22(21):12063. doi: 10.3390/ijms222112063

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Clioquinol (CQ) inactivated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and activated protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in M1C cells. (A) Immunoblotting showed that CQ decreased phosphorylated JNK (pJNK), the active form of the kinase. n = 4. (B) CQ treatment also decreased the active, phosphorylated form of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) (pp38 MAPK). n = 3. (C) CQ treatment decreased demethylated PP2A, which represents the inactive form of PP2A. n = 3 (C). 0:0 μM CQ-treated cells, 1:1 μM CQ-treated cells, and 5:5 μM CQ-treated cells. Bar: ± SD, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. Data from pJNK/JNK, DPP2A/PP2A, pp38 MAPK/p38 MAPK followed a normal distribution and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test.