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. 2021 Nov 8;22(21):12063. doi: 10.3390/ijms222112063

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Clioquinol (CQ) decreased oligomeric tau in M1C cells. (A) Dot blot analysis of lysate demonstrated the reduction of oligomeric tau by 5 μM CQ detected by TOC1, which is a tau oligomer-specific antibody. n = 3, * p <0.05, Bar: ± SD (B) CQ treatment decreased high molecular weight smeared tau in non-reducing condition on Western blotting. The ratio of phosphorylated tau to non-phospho dependent antibody Tau5 with 5 μM of CQ also decreased, which was detected by antibodies against PS199/202. n = 3, * p <0.05, Bar: ± SD (C) Analysis of oligomeric TOC1 immunofluorescence signal (ratio to signal from P44, a non-phospho dependent tau antibody) showed a reduction following 1 μM CQ treatment. Bar 50 μm. n = 3, ** p < 0.01, Bar ± SD. Dot blot analysis of TOC1, high-molecular weight smear tau in non-reducing conditions, and TOC1 immunofluorescence analysis; the data followed a normal distribution and were analyzed by the Student’s t-test.