Table 3.
Group-specific means and standard deviations of normalized EMG activity (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC])) of selected lower limbs muscles during the early stance phase.
| Muscles | Healthy controls | COVID-19 | p-value (Cohen’s d) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Means ± SDs | Means ± SDs | ||
| TA (%MVIC) | 73.85 ± 16.68 | 83.12 ± 15.60 | 0.104 (0.574) |
| Gas-M (%MVIC) | 24.47 ± 8.18 | 43.15 ± 25.49 | 0.007 * (1.109) |
| VL (%MVIC) | 51.58 ± 22.70 | 64.24 ± 33.18 | 0.203 (0.453) |
| VM (%MVIC) | 52.25 ± 14.08 | 38.25 ± 20.41 | 0.026 * (0.811) |
| RF (%MVIC) | 41.93 ± 22.21 | 36.55 ± 16.82 | 0.431 (0.275) |
| BF (%MVIC) | 34.13 ± 9.51 | 41.32 ± 15.51 | 0.113 (0.574) |
| ST (%MVIC) | 40.25 ± 17.63 | 37.93 ± 17.40 | 0.702 (0.132) |
| Glut-M (%MVIC) | 45.95 ± 15.55 | 44.12 ± 17.007 | 0.746 (0.112) |
Note: TA, tibialis anterior; Gas-M, gastrocnemius medialis; VM, vastus medialis; VL, vastus lateralis; BF, biceps femoris; ST, semitendinosus; RF, rectus femoris; Glut-M, gluteus medius; MVIC, maximum voluntary isometric contraction.