Table 4.
Group-specific means and standard deviations of normalized EMG activity (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) of selected lower limbs muscles during the late stance phase.
| Muscles | Healthy controls | COVID-19 | p-value (Cohen’s d) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Means ± SDs | Means ± SDs | ||
| TA (%MVIC) | 78.86 ± 19.05 | 60.41 ± 19.51 | 0.009 * (0.956) |
| Gas-M (%MVIC) | 222.07 ± 54.76 | 161.95 ± 46.94 | 0.002 * (1.182) |
| VL (%MVIC) | 113.77 ± 55.52 | 120.92 ± 41.84 | 0.659 (0.146) |
| VM (%MVIC) | 172.23 ± 50.08 | 126.85 ± 41.84 | 0.007 * (0.987) |
| RF (%MVIC) | 52.04 ± 23.79 | 42.35 ± 22.09 | 0.227 (0.422) |
| BF (%MVIC) | 50.68 ± 25.73 | 48.81 ± 19.75 | 0.815 (0.082) |
| ST (%MVIC) | 47.44 ± 20.97 | 39.74 ± 18.39 | 0.264 (0.391) |
| Glut-M (%MVIC) | 74.35 ± 21.22 | 100.99 ± 36.70 | 0.014 * (0.919) |
Note: TA, tibialis anterior; Gas-M, gastrocnemius medialis; VM, vastus medialis; VL, vastus lateralis; BF, biceps femoris; ST, semitendinosus; RF, rectus femoris; Glut-M, gluteus medius; MVIC, maximum voluntary isometric contraction.