Table 2.
Mechanism of action and drugs in Paediatric MATCH.
| Target | Drug | Used in the Treatment | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| NTRK1 1, NTRK2 2, or NTRK3 3 gene fusion | Larotrectinib | Solid tumours, CNS 4 tumours, lung cancer, sarcomas, papillary thyroid cancer | [112,113,114,115] |
| FGFR1 5, FGFR2 6, FGFR3 7, FGFR4 8 | Erdafitinib | Urothelial carcinoma, glioblastoma, endometrial cancer | [116,117,118] |
| Rb 9-positive, alterations in cell cycle genes | Palbociclib | Breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, glioblastoma | [119,120,121,122,123] |
| ATM 10, BRCA1 11, BRCA2 12, RAD51C 13, RAD51D 14 | Olaparib | Prostatic cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer | [124,125,126,127] |
| ALK 15 or ROS1 16 | Ensartinib | Non-small-cell lung carcinoma | [128,129] |
| TSC1 17, TSC2 18, PI3K/mTOR 19 | Samotolisib | Preclinical studies only | [130] |
| MAPK 20 pathway mutations | Ulixertinib | Melanoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, non-small-cell lung carcinoma | [131,132] |
| BRAF 21 V600 | Vemurafenib | Melanoma | [133,134] |
| Activating MAPK 20 pathway | Selumetinib sulphate | Melanoma, solid tumours | [135,136,137] |
| EZH2 22, SMARCB1 23, SMARCA4 24 | Tazemetostat | Follicular lymphoma, CNS tumours, solid tumours, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma | [138,139,140] |
| HRAS 25 gene alterations | Tipifarnib | Salivary gland cancer, breast cancer, AML26, myelodysplastic syndrome, solid tumours | [141,142,143,144] |
| Activating RET 27 mutations | Selpercatinib | Non-small-cell lung cancers, thyroid cancer | [145,146] |
1 NTRK1, non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1; 2 NTRK2, non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase 2; 3 NTRK3, non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase 3; 4 CNS, central nervous system; 5 FGFR1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; 6 FGFR2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2; 7 FGFR3, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; 8 FGFR4, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4; 9 Rb retinoblastoma; 10 ATM, ATM serine/threonine kinase; 11 BRCA1, breast cancer 1 gene; 12 BRCS2, breast cancer 2 gene; 13 RAD51C, RAD51 S. cerevisiae homolog C; 14 RAD51D, RAD51 homolog D (S. cerevisiae); 15 ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; 16 ROS1 ROS proto-oncogene 1; 17 TSC1, tuberous sclerosis 1; 18 TSC2, tuberous sclerosis 2; 19 PI3K/mTOR, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin kinase; 20 MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; 21 BRAF, gene encodes protein B-Raf; 22 EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2; 23 SMARCB1, SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, Subfamily B, Member 1; 24 SMARCA4, SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, Subfamily A, Member 4; 25 HRAS v, Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; 26 AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; 27 RET, “rearranged during transfection” proto-oncogene.