. 2021 Oct 31;10(21):5124. doi: 10.3390/jcm10215124

Table 2.

Abscopal effect case reports with immunotherapy.

Reference	Age	Gender	Histo-Pathology	Primary Tumor Site	Treatment of Primary Tumor	Metastasis Site	Systemic Treatment	RT	Irradiation Site	Non-Irradiated Abscopal Regression	Time Frame for Abscopal Response	Immuno-Therapy	Reported Parameters
Postow et al. (2012) [49]	33	F	Melanoma	Upper back	Excision	Lung, right hilar LN, paraspinal region, spleen	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	28.5 Gy, 3 fr	Paraspinal region	Right hilar LN, spleen	4 months	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)	BRAF mutation, NY-ESO-1 expression, CD4+ ICOS^high, CD14+ HLA-DR^low, CD8+, CD4+ T cells, seromic analysis
Hiniker et al. (2012) [51]	57	M	Melanoma	Left posterior arm	Excision	Left axillary, liver, left upper arm	Immuno-therapy	54 Gy, 3 fr	Liver	All metastases	6 months	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)
Golden et al. (2013) [52]	64	M	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung	Chemo-therapy (pemetrexed, carboplatin, gemcitabine, vinorelbine)	Left + right supra-clavicular LN, right upper lobe, left lower lobe, bilateral hilar, mediastinal adenopathy, liver, sacrum	Chemo-therapy (pemetrexed, carboplatin, gemcitabine, vinorelbine), immuno-therapy	59.4 Gy, 33 fr	Right lung, right supra-clavicular, right hilar, mediastinal adenopathy		2 months	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)	Absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs), absolute eosinophil counts (AECs), metabolic activity LN, CD8 cytotoxic T cells, TIA-1 (cytotoxic granules), FoxP3+ (Tregs), CK7, TTF-1, CK20, CDX2, CEA level
Golden et al. (2013) [52]	64	M	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung				30 Gy, 5 fr	Liver	Left lung, right lung, hilar adenopathy	3 months	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)
Stamell et al. (2013) [53]	67	M	Melanoma	Head	RT	Forehead, scalp, neck, nodal, brain	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	24 Gy, 3 fr	Primary tumor	Skin metastasis	8 months		Melanoma antigen A3 (MEGA3), PAS domain containing 1 (PASD1) level of serum
Stamell et al. (2013) [53]	67	M	Melanoma	Head	RT	Forehead, scalp, neck, nodal, brain	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	SRS	Brain	Complete remission	8 months	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)
Grimaldi et al. (2014) [54]	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a	Immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Brain	Liver	n/a	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		30 Gy, 10 fr	Brain	Pelvic relapse	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		50 Gy, 25 fr	Chest wall, right axilla	Liver, cutaneous metastases	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		20 Gy, 5 fr	Right inguinal lymph node	Gastric, cutaneous, lung, lymph nodal + retroperitoneal abdominal metastases	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		30 Gy, 10 fr	Brain (WBRT)	Liver, bilateral axillary + right ovaric metastases	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		30 Gy, 10 fr	Brain (WBRT)	Lung, cutaneous, lymph nodal + abdominal metastases	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		30 Gy, 10 fr	Right chest wall	Lymph nodal, cutaneous + chest wall metastases	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		30 Gy, 10 fr	Vertebral metastasis	Lung metastases	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		24 Gy, 1 fr	Brain (SRT)	Cutaneous metastases	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		20 Gy, 1 fr	Brain (SRT)	Liver metastases	n/a
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	n/a		24 Gy, 1 fr	Brain (SRT)	Lung metastases	n/a
Thallinger et al. (2014) [55]	44	M	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	Liver, lung, right kidney, right adrenal gland, LN, bone, brain	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Brain	Kidney, lunge, liver	2 months	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)	S100, HMB45, Melan A, BRAF, NRAS + c-KIT mutations
Okwan-Duodu et al. (2015) [56]	50	F	Melanoma	Right lower back	Excision	Right groin, right occipital area, right suboccipital node, sub-centimeter right pulmonary node, brain, multiple retroperitoneal, subcutaneous, aortocaval, left periaortic + peripancreatic LNs	Immuno-therapy	Whole-brain RT	Brain	Pulmonary, retroperitoneal, mesenteric nodes.	5 months	IL-2 therapy
Michot et al. (2016) [57]	33	M	Classical Hodgkin disease	Nodal supra-diaphrag-matic area	Chemo-therapy (doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine)	Mediastinal right hilar + coeliac areas LN, supra-diaphragmatic + subdiaphragmatic LN, mediastinal lymphadenopathy	Chemo-therapy (doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine), immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Right hilar mediastinal LN	n/a	n/a	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Cong et al. (2017) [58]	64	F	Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)	Left lung	Chemo-therapy (cisplatin, pemetrexed)	Para-mediastinal tumor, lingual segment tumor	Chemo-therpay, immuno-therapy, EGFR inhibitor	37.5 Gy, 5 fr	Para-mediastinal tumor	Lung	10 months	Endritic cells + cytokine-induced killers (DC-CIK) immunotherapy	EGFR mutation
Komatsu et al. (2017) [59]	60	M	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung (right upper lobe)	Lobectomy	Liver metastasis, intrapulmonary metastasis	Chemo-radio-therapy, immuno-therapy	40 Gy, 20 fr	Liver	Lung	3 weeks	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Sato et al. (2017) [60]	54	M	Adeno-carcinoma (gastric cancer)	Colon	Distal gastrectomy	Peritoneal tumor	Chemo-therapy (TS-1, paclitaxel), immun-otherapy	48 Gy, 24 fr	Colon	Peritoneal tumor	2 months	T-cell immuno-therapy, dendritic cell (DC) therapy	CEA, CA19-9
Sharabi et al. (2017) [61]	48	F	Neuro-endocrine cervical carcinoma	Uterine, cervix	Chemo-therapy, RT	Liver, pelvic, retro-peritoneal + pelvic LN	Chemo-therapy (cisplatin, etoposide), immuno-therapy	20 Gy, 4 fr	Abdominal mass	Hepatic lesion, pelvic mass, pelvic + retroperitoneal LN	4 month	Nivolumab (PD-1)	Pan-cytokeratin, synaptophysin, CD99, EMA, p16, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), NGS mutation analysis, tumor mutational burden, PD-L1, microsatellite instability (MSI-H) status, CA-125
Shi et al. (2017) [62]	67	F	Pancreatic cancer	Pancreas	Chemo-therapy (gemcitabine, paclitaxel albumin)	Liver, right pleura metastasis	Chemo-therapy (gemcitabine, paclitaxel albumin), tyrosine kinase inhibitor, immuno-therapy	45 Gy, 15 fr	Pancreas	Metasases	1 month	GM-CSF	CA19-9
Xie et al. (2017) [63]	54	M	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Left kidney	Nephrectomy	Multiple mediastinal, retro-peritoneal, bilateral cervical, pelvis LN	Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib)	32 Gy, 4 fr	Left mediastinal LN	All metastasis	2 months	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)	Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)
Britschgi et al. (2018) [64]	47	M	Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)	Lung	Chemo-therapy cetuximab, RT, resection	Rretro-peritoneal + abdominal lymph node	Chemo-therapy (pemetrexed), immuno-therapy	18 Gy, 3 fr	2 retro-peritoneal LNs	Unirradiated LNs	10 weeks	Nivolumab (PD-1)	History of tobacco use
Gutkin et al. (2018) [65]	57	M	Melanoma	Left posterior arm	Excision (priamry, LN)	Liver. left upper arm	Immuno-therapy	50 Gy, 20 fr	Left posterior arm			IFN therapy, ipilimumab	BRAF mutation, V600
Gutkin et al. (2018) [65]	57	M	Melanoma	Left posterior arm	Excision (priamry, LN)	Liver. left upper arm	Immuno-therapy	54 Gy, 3 fr	2 liver metastases	Complete response	1 year	IFN therapy, ipilimumab	BRAF mutation, V600
Matsushita et al. (2018) [66]	62	M	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Right kidney	Nephrectomy	Right adrenal gland, lumbar vertebrae (L4)	Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, axitinib), immuno-therapy	36 Gy, 12 fr	Lumbar vertebrae (L4)	Right adrenal	1.5 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Matsushita et al. (2018) [66]	71	M	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Right kidney	Nephrectomy	Left parotid gland, soft tissues, lung, pancreas, right iliopsoas muscle	Interferon-α therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, axitinib), immuno-therapy	66 Gy, 33 fr	Right iliopsoas muscle	Lung, pancreas	1.5 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	Tumor burden
Rodriguez-Ruiz et al. (2018) [67]	68	M	Castration-resistant prostate carcinoma	Prostate	Surgery, chemotherapy	Mediastinal + inguinal LN, liver, bone, lung	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	24 Gy, 3 fr	Prostate, inguinal LNs	Mediastinal + retroperitoneal lesions	6 months	Poly ICLC, DC vaccine	PSA serum concentration
Tsui et al. (2018) [68]	65	F	Melanoma	Maxillary gingiva + hard palate	Resection	Floor of mouth, right neck, lung, cervical LN	Immuno-therapy	50 Gy, 20 fr	Primary tumor			Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Tsui et al. (2018) [68]	65	F	Melanoma	Maxillary gingiva + hard palate	Resection	Floor of mouth, right neck, lung, cervical LN	Immuno-therapy	24 Gy, 3 fr	Neck	Lung, mouth	1 month	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
van Gysen et al. (2018) [69]	66	F	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney (right)	Nephrectomy, TKI, immuno-therapy	Abdominal mass. retroperitoneal + peritoneal LNs, lung	Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, axitinib)	36 Gy, 12 fr	Abdominal mass	Lung	1 month	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Wight et al. (2018) [70]	24	M	Hodgkin lymphoma	Left axillary LN	BEAM conditioning (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan)	lung, widespread lymph-adenopathy	BEAM conditioning (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan), immuno-therapy	20 Gy	Right axillary LN			Nivolumab (PD-1)
Wight et al. (2018) [70]	24	M	Hodgkin lymphoma	Left axillary LN		lung, widespread lymph-adenopathy		36 Gy	Infra-diaphrag-matic sites	Left pulmonary hilar, left parotid, right cervical nodal areas	1.5 month	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Xu et al. (2018) [71]	69	M	Merkel cell carcinoma	Right upper back	Surgical excision, RT	LNs, peripancreatic abdominal mass, left adrenal nodule	Immuno-therapy	50 Gy, 25 fr	Right axilla, posterior chest wall			Pembrolizumab (PD-1)	CK20
	69	M	Merkel cell carcinoma	Right upper back	Surgical excision, RT	LNs, peripancreatic abdominal mass, left adrenal nodule	Immuno-therapy	8 Gy, 1 fr	Peripan-creatic abdominal mass, left adrenal nodule, omental nodule, enlarged para-aortic LNs	Hypermetabolic malignancy	12 months	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
	72	M	Merkel cell carcinoma	Left thigh	Surgical excision	Left inguinal adenopathy, bilateral inguinal LNs, supra-clavicular, mediastinal, hilar, upper abdominal nodal	Immuno-therapy	8 Gy, 1 fr	Mediastinal + right hilar LN	Upraclavicular + abdominal LN, mediastinum, bilateral hila, left inguinal region	4 months	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Zhao et al. (2018) [72]	65	M	Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)	Esoph-agus	Esophagec-tomy	LNs (left retro-peritoneal, pelvic)	Chemo-therapy (cisplatin, docetaxel), immuno-therapy	42 Gy, 6 fr	LNs (left retro-peritoneal)	Non -irradiated LN (pelvic)	2 months	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)	ctDNA, mutant allele frequency (MAF)
Abbas et al. (2019) [73]	69	M	Urothelial carcinoma	Bladder	Chemo-therapy (gemcitabine, carboplatin)	Left internal iliac, para-aortic LN	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 12 fr	Bladder left iliac LN	All sites	4 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	History of tobacco use, PD-L1
Bitran et al. (2019) [74]	62	F	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung (left)	Chemo-therapy (carboplatin, pemetrexed)	Left adrenal	Chemo-therapy (carboplatin, pemetrexed), immuno-therapy	27 Gy, 9 fr	Left lung	Left adrenal	7 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), hemoglobin
Choi et al. (2019) [75]	67	M	Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)	Lower lip	Resection	Hilar nodes, liver, peritoneum, right parotid, right neck, mediastinum, left hilum, posterior neck subcutaneous tissue, lung, left adrenal	Immuno-therapy, cobimetinib	Post-operative	Resection margin			Atezolizumab (PDL1)
Choi et al. (2019) [75]	67	M	Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)	Lower lip	Resection		Immuno-therapy, cobimetinib	45 Gy, 5 fr	Right sub-mandibular + neck nodes	Abdomen, chest	13 months	Atezolizumab (PDL1)
D’Andrea et al. (2019) [76]	42	F	Melanoma	Right upper skin of back	Surgical excision	Upper-right retro pectoral region of chest wall, right ovary, brain axilla	Immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 15 fr	Whole brain	Chest, axilla	3 weeks	MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor	BRAF mutation, RBI mutation, ERCC1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, TUBB3, PDL-1, TrK A/B/C, MGMT expression
Garelli et al. (2019) [77]	54	M	Pulmonary large cell neuro-endocrine carcinoma	Lung (right upper lobe)	Four cycles of chemotherapy (pemetrexed, cisplatin, bevacizumab)	Bilateral adrenal metastases	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Second + third thoracic vertebrae	Partial regression of lung tumor + adrenal metastases	4 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	PD-L1, EGFR, or ALK mutations
	64	M	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung (left upper lobe)	Nabpaclitaxel/carboplatin with atezolizumab	Contralateral LN, brain, ocular	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Brain	Complete remission of lung + mediastinal tumor masses	4 months	Atezolizumab (PDL1)
	70	M	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung (middle lob)	n/a	LN, brain	Immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Brain	Partial regression of lung tumor	2 weeks	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Gounder et al. (2019) [78]	25	F	Chordoma	Sacrum	n/a	Lung	EZH2 inhibitor (tazemetostat)	70 Gy, 35 fr	Sacrum	Lung	4 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	Next-generation sequencing, tumor mutation burden
Grimaux et al. (2019) [79]	78	M	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	Immuno-therapy	Pulmonary + costal metastasis, cutaneous, oral + genital blisters,	Immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Costal metastases	Lung	1 month	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Ishiyamal et al. (2019) [80]	68	F	Renal pelvic cancer	Left kidney	Nephroureterectomy + regional LN dissection, chemotherapy (cisplatin + gemcitabine)	Bladder, paraaortic LN, left subclavian LN, right renal hilum LN, left back (local recurrence in surrounding muscles)	Chemo-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Left back	Reductiomn 2 paraaortic LNs, right renal hilar LN	2 months	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Ishiyamal et al. (2019) [80]	68	F	Renal pelvic cancer	Left kidney			Immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Left back	2 non-irradiated lesions stable (paraaortic LN, right renal hilum LN)	21 months	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Lin et al. (2019) [81]	71	M	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung (right lobe)	Chemo-therapy	Brain, right lower lung, left lower lobe	Chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	48 Gy, 8 fr	Brain	Lung, LNs (mediastinum)	4 months	Atezolizumab (PDL1)
Liu et al. (2019) [82]	52	F	Intra-hepatic cholangio-carcinoma	Liver	RT	LN in hepatic hilar + retro-peritoneum	Aapatinib + lenvatinib	55Gy, 5 fr	Right hepatic lobe	LN in hepatic hilar + retroperitoneum	1 month	Nivolumab (PD-1)	Whole-exome sequencing, tumor mutation burden, PD-L1, ERBB2, HBV infection
	59	M	Intra-hepatic cholangio-carcinoma	Liver	Resection of middle hepatic lobe	Left + right lobes, hepatic hilar + retroperitoneal LN	Lapatinib	52 Gy, 4 fr	Right hepatic lobe	Hepatic hilar + retroperitoneal LN	2 to 5 months	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
	51	M	Intra-hepatic cholangio-carcinoma	Liver	Resection in left hepatic lobe	Right lobe hepatic hilar + retro-peritoneal lymph node	Chemo-therapy, endostatin	52 Gy, 4 fr	Left hepatic lobe, left retroperitoneal LN	Intrahepatic LN	1 month	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Moran et al. (2019) [83]	71	M	Melanoma	Unknown	n/a	Lung, pelvis, omental mass, bilateral hilar nodes	Immuno-therapy	50 Gy, 5 fr	left lung	Pelvis	1 month	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4), Nivolumab (PD-1)	S100, Melan A, TTF1, P63, CK7/20, BRAF mutations
Qin et al. (2019) [84]	21	M	Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s lymphoma	n/a	Different chemotherapy regimes	Multiple sites of adenopathy, osseous lesions	Chemo-therapy, stell cell trans-plantation, immuno-therapy	20 Gy, 5 fr	L2, left iliac crest	Complete response	4 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	PD-L1 expression, gene mutations, tumor mutation burden, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, telomere FISH
	34	M	Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s lymphoma	n/a	Chemo-therapy (ICE)	Preaortic + pelvic LNs	Chemo-therapy (ICE), stell cell trans-plantation, immuno-therapy	36 Gy, 20 fr	Pelvic LNs	Complete response	1 year	Nivolumab (PD-1)
	23	M	Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s lymphoma	n/a	ABVD chemotherapy	Mediastinum, multiple LNs	ABVD chemo-therapy, immuno-therapy	40 Gy, 20 fr	Cervical + mediastinal LNs	Complete response	5 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Shinde et al. (2019) [85]	75	M	Head + neck squamous cell carcinoma	Left neck, hypo-pharynx + oropharynx	Immuno-therapy	Left lung	Immunotherapy	14.8 Gy, 4 fr	Neck	Lung	2 weeks	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4), Nivolumab (PD-1)	History of tobacco use
Shinde et al. (2019) [85]	75	M	Head + neck squamous cell carcinoma	Left neck, hypo-pharynx + oropharynx	Immuno-therapy	Left lung	Immunotherapy	13.2 Gy, 4 fr	Margin	Lung	2 weeks	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4), Nivolumab (PD-1)	History of tobacco use
Suzuki et al. (2019) [86]	30	F	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Left kidney	Nephrectomy	Lung, right ovarian, pelvic + lumber vertebrae, hilar LN, mediastinal LNs, liver, left iliac bone	Sunitinib, axitinib	60 Gy, 30 fr	Mediastinal LNs			Nivolumab (PD-1)	LDH levels
Suzuki et al. (2019) [86]	30	F	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Left kidney	Nephrectomy		Sunitinib, axitinib	35 Gy, 5 fr (brachy-therapy)	Left iliac lesion left internal iliac LN	Lumbar vertebrae (L4)	3 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	LDH levels
Trommer et al. (2019) [87]	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	Left thigh	Resection	Lung, paraaortal LN, brain	Immuno-therapy	20 Gy, 1 fr	Brain			Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	Left thigh	Resection	Lung, paraaortal LN, brain	Immuno-therapy	50 Gy, 2 fr	Brain	Lung	1 month	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	Left knee	Resection	Perirenal region, brain	Immuno-therapy	40 Gy, 2 fr	Whole brain			Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
								54 Gy, 3 fr	Popliteal fossa + lower left leg, brain	Perirenal region	1.5 month
								20 Gy, 1 fr	Brain	Perirenal region	1.5 month
	n/a	n/a	Melanoma	n/a	n/a	Lung, brain	Immuno-therapy	20 Gy, 1 fr	Brain			Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
								20 Gy, 1 fr	Brain
								20 Gy, 1 fr	Brain	Lung	5 weeks
	n/a	n/a	Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)	Lung	n/a	Suprarenal glands, brain, right femur, os. sacrum left os. ischiadicum	Immuno-therapy	27 Gy, 3 fr; 20 Gy	Brain			Nivolumab (PD-1)
								30 Gy, 3 fr	Right femur	Suprarenal glands	1 month
								30 Gy, 3 fr	Os. sacrum, left os. ischiadicum
	n/a	n/a	Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)	Lung	n/a	Cervival + left super-vlavicular, mediastinal Ln, left hilar, axillar LN, intracarinal LN	Immuno-therapy	54 Gy, 2 fr	Cervival + left supervlavicular	axillar LN	6 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)	Lung	n/a	Supra- + infra-clavicular lymph drainage area, 3rd right rib, right iliac sacral joint, left inguinal, lung	Immuno-therapy	50.4 Gy, 1.8 fr	Supra- + infra-clavicular lymph drainage area			Nivolumab (PD-1)
								30 Gy, 3 fr	3rd right rib, right iliac sacral joint, left inguinal
								20 Gy, 1 fr	Left occipital	Lung	7 weeks
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Left os. ilium, left + right hip, right os. pubis, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra, mediastinal LN, hilar, pleural	Immuno-therapy	36 Gy, 3 fr	Left os. ilium	mediastinal LN	2 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)
								30 Gy, 3 fr	Left + right hip, right os. pubis
								30 Gy, 3 fr	Thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra
Yaguchi et al. (2019) [88]	63	M	Pulmonary pleo-morphic carcinoma	Lung (right upper lobe)	Chemo-therapy (carboplatin, paclitaxel)	Brain, bone + pleural metastases	Chemo-therapy (carboplatin, paclitaxel), immuno-therapy	30 Gy, NR	Right hip joint over right femur	Pleura, brain + bone		Nivolumab (PD-1)	History of tobacco use, PD-L1 expression of tumor, EGFR mutation, ALK
Forner et al. (2020) [89]	57	M	Head + neck squamous cell carcinoma	Left frontal sinus + ethmoid sinuses	Resection, chemotherapy	Right lower lobe, left cervical LNs, subcarinal LN, extraconal intraorbital lesion	Chemo-therapy (cisplatin)	66 Gy, 33 fr				Nivolumab (PD-1)	Medical history
Forner et al. (2020) [89]	57	M	Head + neck squamous cell carcinoma	Left frontal sinus + ethmoid sinuses	Resection, chemotherapy		Chemo-therapy (cisplatin)	30 Gy, 5 fr	Intraorbital mass	Thorax metastases, lung	1 month	Nivolumab (PD-1)	Medical history
Hori et al. (2020) [90]	40	F	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Left kidney	Nephrectomy	Lung, right supra-clavicular + para-aortic LN	Interferon-α, axitinib, everolimus, pazopanib	30 or 40 Gy, 10 fr	Right supra-clavicular + para-aortic LN	Lung	6 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	HLA class1, CD8, PD-L1 expression of tumor
Igarashi et al. (2020) [91]	74	M	Melanoma	Maxilla	Maxillary resection	Cervical LNs, brain, spleen, liver	Immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Whole brain	Liver, spleen	2 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	BRAF mutation
Kuhara et al. (2020) [92]	69	F	Un-resectable gastric cancer (UGC)	Lower portion of stomach	Chemo-therapy (S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) + Herceptin (HER))	Para-aortic, mediastinal, right iliac + Virchow LNs, bilateral subclavian + mediastinal LNs, left axillary LNH, peritoneal metastasis, left iliac, right diaphragm LN, left adrenal gland	Chemot-herapy (S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) + Herceptin (HER)), immuno-therapy	55 Gy, 22 fr	Neck + mediastinum	Bilateral subclavian + mediastinal LNs	13 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	EGF-2
Kuhara et al. (2020) [92]	69	F	Un-resectable gastric cancer (UGC)	Lower portion of stomach				50 Gy, 10 fr	Left adrenal	Para-aortic, bilateral iliac, right diaphragm LNs	13 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	EGF-2
Levitin et al. (2020) [93]	83	M	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Left kidney	Pazopanib, SBRT 40Gy, 5 fr	Right lung left femur, brain, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pelvis	Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (pazopanib), immuno-therapy	GKS 20 Gy	Brain	Regression metastases	2 years	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Nakajima et al. (2020) [94]	56	F	Clear cell carcinoma	Kidney	Nephrectomy	Left lung hilum, subcutaneous + lung metastases, right renal, right iliac bone	Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (pazopanib, axitinib), immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Right iliac bone	Lung, right kidney, subcutaneous tissue	5 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Nakajima et al. (2020) [94]	56	F	Clear cell carcinoma	Kidney	Nephrectomy			30 Gy, 10 fr	Right iliac bone	Primary tumor	9 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)
Sohal et al. (2020) [95]	66	M	Melanoma	Right nasal cavity	RT	Left proximal humerus, upper thoracic spine, liver, lateral left fifth rib, third, eighth, eleventh thoracic vertebral bodies	Immuno-therapy	25 Gy, 5 fr	Nose	All metastasis	4 months	Nivolumab (PD-1)	Cancer history, transplantation history, BRAF, NRAS mutation
Wang et al. (2020) [96]	57	M	Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)	Right upper lung	Resection, adjuvant RT, chemotherapy	Pancreas, metastatic nodules in left lower lobe	Chemo-therapy (gemcitabine, cisplatin)	55 Gy, 25 fr	Resection margin			Pembrolizumab (PD-1)	PD-L1, ALK genetic status, history of tobacco use, whole-exome sequencing
Wang et al. (2020) [96]	57	M	Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)	Right upper lung	Resection, adjuvant RT, chemotherapy	Pancreas, metastatic nodules in left lower lobe	Chemo-therapy (gemcitabine, cisplatin)	60.2 Gy, 28 fr	Pancreas	Left lung nodules	1 month	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Watanabe et al. (2020) [97]	69	F	Melanoma (BRAF-wild-type)	Upper left leg	Resection, also sentinel LNs	Left groin LN, liver, muscle in upper left leg, left groin	Immuno-therapy, corticosteroids, adjuvant IFN-α therapy	45 Gy, 3 fr	Liver lesions	Left groin LN, liver, muscle in upper left leg, left groin	8 weeks	Nivolumab (PD-1)	CD8 cells, PD-1, PD-L1, TIM-3, LAG-3, TOX, IFN-γ, perforin, granzymes, IL-2, TNF-α, DCXCL9, CXCL10, CCL, CXCL13, IDO1, CD4+ Tregs, arginase, MHC I, MHC II, APCs, β2-microglobulin, Ki67, CD3+ cells, tumor burden, FoxP3, exhausted T cells, BRAF-mutation
	77	M	Melanoma (BRAF-wild-type)	Right breast region	Resection, also sentinel lymphnodes	Liver, lung, abdominal LN	Immunotherapy	45 Gy, 3 fr	Liver metastases	Stable	6 weeks	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
	77	M	Melanoma (BRAF-wild-type)	Right breast region	Resection, also sentinel lymphnodes	Liver, lung, abdominal LN	Immunotherapy	60 Gy, 8 fr	LN, liver	Other liver lesions, lung	1 month	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
Hotta et al. (2021) [98]	42	F	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung (left upper lobe)	EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, steroid	Bone, brain, thoracic spine	EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, steroid	30 Gy, 10 fr	Whole brain	Lung	4 days	Atezolizumab (PDL1)	EGFR. PD-L1, CEA
Hotta et al. (2021) [98]	42	F	Adeno-carcinoma (lung)	Lung (left upper lobe)	EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, steroid	Bone, brain, thoracic spine	EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, steroid	36 Gy, 12 fr	Thoracic spine	Lung	2 weeks	Atezolizumab (PDL1)	EGFR. PD-L1, CEA
Mampuya et al. (2021) [99]	72	M	Malignant pleural mesothe-lioma	Right lung	Chemo-therapy (carboplatin, pemetrexed),VEGF-A inhibitor (bevacizumab)	Para-mediastinal + retro-pharyngeal lesions	Chemo-therapy (carboplatin, pemetrexed),VEGF-A inhibitor (bevacizumab), immuno-therapy	30 Gy, 10 fr	Para-mediastinal lesions	Right lung	3 months	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)	Medical history, PD-L1, tumorinfiltrating CD3 T cells, CD8 T cells
Wong et al. (2021) [100]	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Lung	Immuno-therapy	55 Gy, 20 fr	Lung	Lung	n/a	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4), Nivolumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Femur, rib		25 Gy, 5 fr	Femur, rib	Nephrectomy bed	n/a	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4), Nivolumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Lung, adrenal		36 Gy, 3 fr	Lung	Lung, several lesions	n/a	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4), Nivolumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Lung, adrenal		30 Gy, 5 fr	Adrenal	Lung	n/a	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4), Nivolumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Brain, intramuscular		GKS 25Gy	Brain	Intramuscular	n/a	Ipilimumab (CTLA-4), Nivolumab (PD-1)
	55	F	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Femur, pubic bone, liver		8 Gy, 1 fr	Femur	Liver, several lesions	n/a	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
	55	F	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Femur, pubic bone, liver		27 Gy, 3 fr	Pubic bone	Liver, several lesions	n/a	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Lung		54 Gy, 3 fr	Lung	Lung, several lesions	n/a	Nivolumab (PD-1)
								42 Gy, 5 fr	Lung
								25 Gy, 5 fr	Lung
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Lung		50 Gy, 20 fr	Lung	Lung	n/a	Nivolumab (PD-1)
								48 Gy, 3 fr	Lung
								48 Gy, 3 fr	Lung
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Femur, lliac bone, brain, lung		20 Gy, 5 fr	Femur	Lung, several lesions	n/a	Nivolumab (PD-1)
								24 Gy, 3 fr	Iliac bone
								GKS 25 Gy	Brain
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Iliac bone, spine, lung		27 Gy, 3 fr	Iliac bone	Lung, several lesions	n/a	Nivolumab (PD-1)
	n/a	n/a	Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)	Kidney	n/a	Iliac bone, spine, lung		24 Gy, 3 fr	Spine	Kidney	n/a	Nivolumab (PD-1)

Abbreviations: M: male; F: female; n/a: not available; RT: radiotherapy; LN: lymph nodes; fr: fractions; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; ALC: Absolute lymphocyte counts; AEC: absolute eosinophil counts; TIA-1: TIA1 Cytotoxic Granule Associated RNA Binding Protein; Tregs: regulatory T cells; CK: cytokeratin; TTF-1: thyroid transcription factor 1; CDX2: Caudal Type Homeobox 2; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; MEGA3: Melanoma antigen A3; PASD1: PAS domain containing 1; DC-CIK: cytokine-induced killer cells; PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1; DC: dendritic cell; CA 19-9: carbohydrate antigen 19-9; ctDNA: circulating tumor DNA, NGS: next generation sequencing; PD-L1: PD-1 receptor-ligand 1; MSI-H: high levels of microsatellite instability; CA-125: cancer antigen 125; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MAF: mutant allele frequency; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK: anaplastic lymphoma kinase; FISH: fluorescent in situ hybridization; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; EGF: epidermal growth factor; TIM-3: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3; LAG-3: lymphocyte-activation gene 3; TOX: thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein; IFN-γ: interferon gamma; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; APC: antigen-presenting cells.