Table 4. The ethical assessment of the included nudge strategies targeting health promotion behaviors related to neglected tropical diseases in low- and middle-income countries.

Studies	Nudges	Reflective preferences	Health benefits	Low-processing motivation	Democratic legitimation	Easy resistibility	Long-run autonomy	Available alternatives	Trust relationship
Amin et al., 2019	1. Simplification	L	H	M	L	H	H	L	H
Biran el a., 2014	1. Public pledges	M	H	M	H	M	M	M	H
	2. Posters role-model	M	H	M	H	H	H	M	H
	3. Prompts of pro-social behavior	M	H	M	H	M	L	M	H
	4. Reminders in bathroom	M	H	M	H	H	H	M	H
	5. HWWS village certificates	M	H	M	H	M	L	M	H
Biran et al., 2020	1. Public pledges	M	H	H	H	M	M	L	H
	2. Stickers as signals	M	H	H	H	M	L	L	H
Biswas et al., 2017	1. Reminder sticker	M	H	M	M	H	H	M	H
Burns et al., 2018	1. Hope soap	L	H	H	L	M	M	H	H
Buttenheim et al., 2018	1. Advanced Planning	H	L	L	H	H	H	L	H
	2. Reminder planning	H	L	L	H	H	H	L	H
	3. Block Leader Recruitment	H	L	L	H	H	H	L	H
	4. Contingent Group Lotteries	H	L	L	H	M	M	L	H
Caruso et al., 2019	1. Transect walk with colors	M	M	M	H	H	M	M	H
	2. Banners and mural—signaling	M	M	M	H	M	L	M	H
	3. Self-Commitment and poster	M	M	M	H	H	H	M	H
Chidziwisano et al., 2019/2020	1. Public pledges	M	H	M	M	M	M	M	H
	2. Stickers as signals	M	H	M	M	M	L	M	H
Contzen et al., 2015	1. Public-commitment	M	H	M	M	M	M	L	M
Friederich et al., 2020	1. Public pledge	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	H
	2. Photo as signal	M	M	M	M	M	L	M	H
	3. Stickers as reminders	M	M	M	M	H	H	M	H
Gauri, et al 2018	1. Norm entrepreneurs	M	M	M	H	H	H	M	L
Gautam et al., 2017	1. Public pledges	M	H	M	H	M	M	M	M
	2. Competitions	M	H	M	H	M	L	M	M
	3. Reminders in kitchen	M	H	M	H	H	H	M	M
	4. Role-model pictures	M	H	M	H	H	H	M	M
	5. Signaling safe food zones	M	H	M	H	M	L	M	M
Grover et al., 2018	1. Contextual painted cues	L	H	H	M	H	H	L	H
Haung et al., 2020	1. Contextual painted cues	L	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
	2. Posters simplifying info	L	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
	3. Eyes sticker	L	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
	4. Arrow sticker	L	H	H	H	H	H	H	H
Haushofer et al., 2019	1. Visualization	L	H	M	L	H	H	H	H
	2. Planning	L	H	M	L	H	H	H	H
Inauen et al., 2019	1. Planning reminders	M	H	H	L	H	H	M	L
	2. Public Commitment	M	H	H	L	M	M	M	L
Jetha et al., 2019	1. Public Pledge	M	H	H	H	M	M	M	H
Karing et al., 2018	1. Social signaling	H	H	L	H	M	L	H	H

Note. H = high ethical standard; M = moderate ethical standard; L = low ethical standard