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. 2021 Nov 11;16(11):e0258941. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258941

Table 1. Overview of precise operationalization on outcome variables.

Outcome Variables
Research Question Superordinate Operationalization/examples
a Objective/cognitive data in the course of study Grades; clinical traineeships; preparing a doctoral thesis; repeating exams; dropping out of studies, regular study period; results of selection tests (e.g., TMS, SJTs, MMI, or others)
b Subjective data or moderator variables Soft skills; study satisfaction; communication skills, mental health, learning behaviour, study satisfaction, self-organization, personality e.g. conscientiousness, resilience and mental and interprofessionalism
c Preference for subsequent specialist training Interest in and initiation of a specific specialist training.