Table 3.
The regenerative effect of human hDPSC and hSHED-derived secretome used in experimental studies.
| Author (Publication Year) |
Source of Stem Cells | Secretome Composition | Disease or Target Tissuse | Paracrine Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imanishi et al., 2021 [36] | Human DPSC-EVs | CD9 | Bone defect repair Animal model | hDPSC-EVs promoted new bone formation. |
| Ahmed et al., 2016 [95] | Human DPSC-CM | VEGF, FLT-3, RANTES, fractalkine, GM-CSF, MCP-1, neprilysin | Alzheimer’s disease In vitro model |
hDPSC-CM inhibited apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell line and increased its viability |
| Narbute et al., 2019 [115] | Human SHED-EVs | 80 proteins in EVs derived from SHED culture were identified | Parkinson’s disease Animal model | Suppression of gait impairments and normalization of tyrosine hydroxylase expression |
| Hiraki et al., 2020 [138] | Human SHED-CM | OPG, TIMP-1, ANG, MCP-1, IL-6, OPN, BDNF, NT-3, HGF, EGF, M-CSF, FGF-2, GDNF, β-NGF, PDGF-β, IGFBP-3, BMP-2, BMP-4, VEGF-A and VEGF-C. | Calvaria defect inflammatory bone loss Animal model |
SHED-CM enhanced bone volume and formation |
| Muhammad et al., 2020 [156] | Human SHED-CM | TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10 | OA chondrocytes In vitro model |
SHED- CM increased the expression of aggrecan and COL 2 in OA chondrocytes. Moreover, CM regenerate extracellular matrix proteins and mitigate increased MMP-13 expression through inhibition of NF-κB in OA chondrocytes due to the presence of bioactive molecules. |
| Ishikawa et al., 2016 [161] | Human SHED-CM | HGF, IL-12, furin, IL-1RA, RAGE, OPG, MCP-1, sSiglec-9 | Rheumatoid arthritis In vitro model |
SHED-CM promoted M2 anti-inflammatory state and inhibited osteoclastogenesis |
| Swanson et al., 2020 [177] | Human DPSC-EXs | CD9,CD63, CD81, TSG 101 proteins |
Calvarial defect Animal model |
hDPSC-EXs induced bone tissue regeneration |
| Mita et al., 2015 [187] | Human SHED-CM | Ym-1, Arginase-1, Fizz1, IL-10, mRNA of BDNF, NGF, IGF | Alzheimer’s disease Animal model |
SHED-CM attenuated the proinflammatory response induced by β-amyloid plaques |
| Matsubara et al., 2015 [188] | HumanDPSC-CM | M2- like macrophage inducers: Siglec-9, IL-6, MCP-1 | Spinal cord injured Animal model |
hDPSC-CM suppressed inflammatory process, promoted functional recovery of neurons |
| Luo et al., 2019 [189] | Human SHED-EVs | CD9, CD63, TSG101, MiR-100 | Osteoarthritis (OA) In vitro model | Suppression of inflammation in TMJ osteoarthritis |
| Shen et al., 2020 [191] | Human DPSC-EVs | DPSC-EXs expressed CD9, HSP70, TSG101 | Periodontitis Animal model |
hDPSC-EVs promoted regenetaion |
| Jin et al., 2020 [192] | Human DPSC-EVs | CD9, CD63, CD81, TSG 101 |
Bone defects repair Animal model |
hDPSC-EVs promoted the regeneration of bone defects |