Table 1.
Association between sociodemographic variables and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| TOTAL (N = 3227) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GHQ | ||||||
| N (%) | YES (N = 2544) |
NO (N = 683) |
χ2 | p | Odds Ratio (CI 95%) | |
| Sex | 1.916 (1.613, 2.273) |
|||||
| Female | 2045 (63.4) | 82.9 | 17.1 | 56.224 | <0.001 | |
| Male | 1182 (36.6) | 71.7 | 28.3 | |||
| Age * (N = 3224) | 2.651 (2.219, 3.168) |
|||||
| 29 years or younger | 1654 (51.30) | 86.5 | 13.5 | 119.842 | <0.001 | |
| Older than 29 | 1570 (48.70) | 70.8 | 29.2 | |||
| Marital status | 1.959 (1.643, 2.336) |
|||||
| Single | 2269 (70.31) | 82.4 | 17.6 | 57.282 | <0.001 | |
| With a couple | 958 (29.69) | 70.5 | 29.5 | |||
| Educational level | 2.132 (1.771, 2.567) |
|||||
| Upper secondary school or lower | 1315 (40.75) | 85.9 | 14.1 | 65.563 | <0.001 | |
| University or higher | 1912 (59.25) | 74.0 | 26.0 | |||
| Type of dwelling | 1.631 (1.232, 2.160) |
|||||
| Apartment/House without balcony/terrace/yard | 431 (13.4) | 85.2 | 14.8 | 11.893 | 0.001 | |
| Apartment/House with balcony/terrace/yard/garden | 2796 (86.6) | 77.9 | 22.1 | |||
| You are (N = 1502) | - | |||||
| Independent worker | 233 (15.51) | 61.8 | 38.2 | 25.712 | <0.001 | |
| Public employer | 574 (38.22) | 78.7 | 21.3 | |||
| Worker for private comp. | 695 (46.27) | 70.6 | 29.4 | |||
| Children | 2.222 (1.873, 2.639) |
|||||
| No | 2047 (63.43) | 83.9 | 16.1 | 85.359 | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 1180 (36.57) | 70.1 | 29.9 | |||
| Pet | 1.081 (0.898, 1.301) |
|||||
| Yes | 2304 (71.40) | 79.2 | 20.8 | 0.680 | 0.410 | |
| No | 923 (28.60) | 77.9 | 22.1 | |||
| Disability | 1.342 (0.844, 2.137) |
|||||
| No | 3132 (97.06) | 79.0 | 21.0 | 1.556 | 0.212 | |
| Yes | 95 (2.94) | 73.7 | 26.3 | |||
| Health worker | 1.385 (1.062, 1.580) |
|||||
| No | 2543 (78.8) | 79.8 | 20.2 | 6.528 | 0.011 | |
| Yes | 684 (21.2) | 75.3 | 24.7 | |||
| Confinement | - | |||||
| Strict | 843 (26.1) | 81.0 | 19.0 | 24.200 | <0.001 | |
| Except for purchase-work | 1793 (55.6) | 80.0 | 20.0 | |||
| No | 326 (10.1) | 69.0 | 31.0 | |||
| Other situations | 265 (8.2) | 75.8 | 24.2 | |||
* Grouped variable from median value.