Table 1.
Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcome of COVID-19 patients with and without PNX/PNM.
| COVID-19 with PNX/PNM n = 53 |
COVID-19 w/o PNX/PNM n = 106 |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 43 (81.1%) | 86 (81.1%) | n.s. |
| Age (y) | 69 [62–75] | 69 [62–75] | n.s. |
| Days to PNX/PNM occurrence | n.a. | ||
| From symptoms onset | 17 [12–23.5] | ||
| From hospital admission | 9 [4–16] | ||
| PNX + PNM, n (%) | 22 (41.5%) | n.a. | |
| PNX alone, n (%) | 18 (33.5%) | ||
| PNM alone, n (%) | 13 (24.5%) | ||
| Side of PNX, n (%) | |||
| Right | 21 (52.5%) | ||
| Left | 14 (35%) | ||
| Bilateral | 5 (12.5%) | ||
| Prevalence of subcutaneous emphysema, n (%) | 29 (54.7%) | n.a. | |
| Chest tube drainage treated, n (%) | 26 (49.1%) | n.a. | |
| Median RX resolution length (days) | 8 [5–13] | n.a. | |
| Respiratory support, n (%) | |||
| Non-ventilated | 17 (32.1%) | 36 (34%) | |
| Conventional O2T | 8 (15.1%) | 17 (16%) | n.s. |
| HFNC | 9 (17%) | 19 (18%) | |
| Mechanically ventilated | 36 (67.9%) | 70 (66%) | |
| Non-invasively | 19 (35.8%) | 39 (36.7%) | |
| Invasively | 17 (32.1%) | 31 (29.3%) | |
| Endovenous steroid treatment | n.s. | ||
| Methylprednsiolone, n (%) | 35 (66.1%) | 76 (71.7%) | |
| Dexhametasone, n (%) | 18 (33.9%) | 30 (28.3%) | |
| Outcome | |||
| Length of hospitalization in survived (days) | 25 [16–32.5] | 18 [10–27] | 0.002 |
| Deceased in-hospital, n (%) | 25 (47.2%) | 29 (27.4%) | 0.02 |
| Deceased at 90 days from admission, n (%) | 25 (47.2%) | 33 (31.1%) | 0.048 |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or frequency absolute (relative). p-value are assessed using Mann–Whitney U test, Chi-square, or Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate. n.s.—not significant; n.a.—not applicable. PNX: Pneumothorax; PNM: pneumomediastinum; HFNC: high-flow nasal cannulas.